{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093367107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101681","title":"Intelligent Visual Similarity-Based Phishing Websites Detection","display_name":"Intelligent Visual Similarity-Based Phishing Websites Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093367107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101681","mag":"3093367107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12101681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1681/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1681/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091813828","display_name":"Jiann-Liang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-5514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiann-Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-5514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069136895","display_name":"Yi\u2010Wei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-6918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Wei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009421298","display_name":"Kuan-Lung Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Lung Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069136895"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":3.0805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93289156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"1681","last_page":"1681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.8034781813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.7875470519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265520095825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6290222406387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5944390296936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5921420454978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.5401818156242371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49815869331359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.42695099115371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3416687548160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3298454284667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.2686718702316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.24078071117401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1638299524784088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1404443085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12593501806259155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.8034781813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.7875470519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265520095825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6290222406387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5944390296936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5921420454978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.5401818156242371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49815869331359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.42695099115371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3416687548160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3298454284667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.2686718702316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.24078071117401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1638299524784088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1404443085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12593501806259155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12101681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1681/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a6637ba33e14e7390b9b778ce42e83e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a6637ba33e14e7390b9b778ce42e83e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 1681 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/10/1681/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 12; Issue 10; Pages: 1681","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12101681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1681/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093367107.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1620768084","https://openalex.org/W2016509814","https://openalex.org/W2078613534","https://openalex.org/W2107106042","https://openalex.org/W2418966180","https://openalex.org/W2559033216","https://openalex.org/W2597137597","https://openalex.org/W2611685281","https://openalex.org/W2611923347","https://openalex.org/W2625935159","https://openalex.org/W2745351283","https://openalex.org/W2766955736","https://openalex.org/W2768094440","https://openalex.org/W2774086439","https://openalex.org/W2908764066","https://openalex.org/W2944851805","https://openalex.org/W2969254881","https://openalex.org/W2998490657","https://openalex.org/W3099212712","https://openalex.org/W6654389252","https://openalex.org/W6737128751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149202530","https://openalex.org/W2807822918","https://openalex.org/W3034955165","https://openalex.org/W2921723332","https://openalex.org/W4391093354","https://openalex.org/W2482950156","https://openalex.org/W4396966040","https://openalex.org/W2305322260","https://openalex.org/W3139248031","https://openalex.org/W3042334625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,64],"work":[1,65],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"intelligent":[4],"visual":[5],"technique":[6,59,106],"for":[7],"detecting":[8],"phishing":[9,12,75],"websites.":[10,76],"The":[11,77,102],"websites":[13],"are":[14,107],"classified":[15],"into":[16],"three":[17],"categories:":[18],"very":[19],"similar,":[20,22],"local":[21],"and":[23,69,110,116],"non-imitating.":[24],"For":[25],"cases":[26,47,72],"of":[27,48,79,104,118],"\u2018very":[28,67],"similar\u2019,":[29],"this":[30,51],"study":[31,52],"uses":[32,53],"the":[33,44,54,62,80,84,95],"wavelet":[34],"Hashing":[35,99],"(wHash)":[36],"mechanism":[37,86],"with":[38,87],"a":[39,88],"color":[40,89],"histogram":[41,90],"to":[42,60,73,113],"evaluate":[43,61],"similarity.":[45,63],"In":[46],"\u2018local":[49,70],"similarity\u2019,":[50],"Scale-Invariant":[55],"Feature":[56],"Transform":[57],"(SIFT)":[58],"concerns":[66],"similar\u2019":[68,71],"detect":[74],"results":[78],"experiments":[81],"reveal":[82],"that":[83],"wHash":[85],"is":[91],"more":[92],"accurate":[93],"than":[94],"currently":[96],"used":[97],"perceptual":[98],"(pHash)":[100],"mechanism.":[101],"accuracies":[103],"SIFT":[105],"97.93%,":[108],"98.61%,":[109],"99.95%":[111],"related":[112],"Microsoft,":[114],"Dropbox,":[115],"Bank":[117],"America":[119],"data,":[120],"respectively.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
