{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087301486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091536","title":"Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying","display_name":"Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087301486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091536","mag":"3087301486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12091536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1536/pdf?version=1600337925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1536/pdf?version=1600337925","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061189830","display_name":"Ashraf Alhujailli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-6008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113133037","display_name":"Yanbu University College","ror":"https://ror.org/011adk382","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113133037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Alhujailli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","Department of Management Sciences and Industrial Technology, Yanbu University College, Industrial Yanbu 46455, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Sciences and Industrial Technology, Yanbu University College, Industrial Yanbu 46455, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113133037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068942141","display_name":"Waldemar Karwowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-3441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waldemar Karwowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070612498","display_name":"Thomas T. H. Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-4586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas T.H. Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007652754","display_name":"Peter A. Hancock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hancock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061189830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777","https://openalex.org/I113133037"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92953039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"1536","last_page":"1536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7874846458435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harassment","display_name":"Harassment","score":0.7826977968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worry","display_name":"Worry","score":0.7143762707710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coping","display_name":"Coping (psychology)","score":0.5408388376235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.48513850569725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.41357290744781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.4116376042366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.39832234382629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.1930411458015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.06630027294158936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7874846458435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240539","display_name":"Harassment","level":2,"score":0.7826977968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436482","display_name":"Worry","level":3,"score":0.7143762707710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73282008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895","display_name":"Coping (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5408388376235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48513850569725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41357290744781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4116376042366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.39832234382629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.1930411458015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.06630027294158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12091536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1536/pdf?version=1600337925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0e66fb0871f4c90b6c31bf76f992af5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0e66fb0871f4c90b6c31bf76f992af5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 1536 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/9/1536/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12091536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1536/pdf?version=1600337925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087301486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087301486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101911489","https://openalex.org/W347712843","https://openalex.org/W613482447","https://openalex.org/W1489323111","https://openalex.org/W1602052187","https://openalex.org/W1605425119","https://openalex.org/W1737811870","https://openalex.org/W1862769446","https://openalex.org/W1872899203","https://openalex.org/W1909169078","https://openalex.org/W1931925835","https://openalex.org/W1963536333","https://openalex.org/W1978037066","https://openalex.org/W1979030611","https://openalex.org/W1981647801","https://openalex.org/W1984302059","https://openalex.org/W1987739509","https://openalex.org/W1988525883","https://openalex.org/W1990875912","https://openalex.org/W1997001996","https://openalex.org/W2002163766","https://openalex.org/W2002250870","https://openalex.org/W2005772639","https://openalex.org/W2011860744","https://openalex.org/W2016799133","https://openalex.org/W2041468572","https://openalex.org/W2045234652","https://openalex.org/W2045705118","https://openalex.org/W2047554183","https://openalex.org/W2048385562","https://openalex.org/W2048818633","https://openalex.org/W2049420410","https://openalex.org/W2054009308","https://openalex.org/W2058662659","https://openalex.org/W2058696635","https://openalex.org/W2068511562","https://openalex.org/W2069165059","https://openalex.org/W2070499203","https://openalex.org/W2070669812","https://openalex.org/W2074895041","https://openalex.org/W2081155210","https://openalex.org/W2083128058","https://openalex.org/W2087608601","https://openalex.org/W2089028496","https://openalex.org/W2091061728","https://openalex.org/W2091413571","https://openalex.org/W2093039191","https://openalex.org/W2093403061","https://openalex.org/W2102292415","https://openalex.org/W2106232823","https://openalex.org/W2109712306","https://openalex.org/W2111112238","https://openalex.org/W2114442010","https://openalex.org/W2116558771","https://openalex.org/W2127111127","https://openalex.org/W2128985605","https://openalex.org/W2135986080","https://openalex.org/W2139895928","https://openalex.org/W2141302415","https://openalex.org/W2141789250","https://openalex.org/W2144310056","https://openalex.org/W2154089268","https://openalex.org/W2165282906","https://openalex.org/W2167117133","https://openalex.org/W2167329971","https://openalex.org/W2168961882","https://openalex.org/W2182417295","https://openalex.org/W2182461181","https://openalex.org/W2218371222","https://openalex.org/W2286468323","https://openalex.org/W2300014759","https://openalex.org/W2321682379","https://openalex.org/W2325205434","https://openalex.org/W2343304932","https://openalex.org/W2378494603","https://openalex.org/W2460215137","https://openalex.org/W2477383383","https://openalex.org/W2494488715","https://openalex.org/W2533965115","https://openalex.org/W2536999621","https://openalex.org/W2554995336","https://openalex.org/W2589840830","https://openalex.org/W2608271668","https://openalex.org/W2810634999","https://openalex.org/W2890259161","https://openalex.org/W2903955442","https://openalex.org/W2920228443","https://openalex.org/W2946901590","https://openalex.org/W2947898534","https://openalex.org/W2992557534","https://openalex.org/W4213110999","https://openalex.org/W4214699983","https://openalex.org/W4248504993","https://openalex.org/W4292994367","https://openalex.org/W4388252364","https://openalex.org/W6604090273","https://openalex.org/W6639914353","https://openalex.org/W6685877104","https://openalex.org/W6698591265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2533368584","https://openalex.org/W3143626098","https://openalex.org/W2777027891","https://openalex.org/W3111932749","https://openalex.org/W1540755181","https://openalex.org/W2128849446","https://openalex.org/W2028635150","https://openalex.org/W2114332327","https://openalex.org/W4381051656","https://openalex.org/W4206956617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"primary":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,11,68,89,103,157],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,94],"to":[7],"investigate":[8],"the":[9,45,63,66,84,87,114,121,127,155],"effects":[10,67],"cyberbullying":[12,55,69,90],"through":[13,56,70,91,154],"social":[14,57,71,138,167],"exclusion":[15,58,72,139,168],"and":[16,22,35,108,117,126,140,162],"verbal":[17,60,92,141,152],"harassment":[18,93,142,153],"on":[19],"emotional,":[20],"stress,":[21,107],"coping":[23,109],"responses.":[24],"Twenty-nine":[25],"undergraduate":[26],"students":[27],"(16":[28],"females":[29],"aged":[30,38],"18.25":[31],"\u00b1":[32,40],"0.58":[33],"years":[34],"13":[36],"males":[37],"18.46":[39],"1.13":[41],"years)":[42],"volunteered":[43],"for":[44,130],"study.":[46],"All":[47],"volunteers":[48],"participated":[49],"in":[50],"two":[51],"experiments":[52],"that":[53,137,151],"stimulated":[54],"or":[59],"harassment.":[61],"In":[62,83],"first":[64],"experiment,":[65,86],"were":[73,111],"investigated":[74],"using":[75,96],"a":[76,97,144],"virtual":[77],"ball-tossing":[78],"game":[79],"known":[80],"as":[81],"Cyberball.":[82],"second":[85],"influence":[88],"tested":[95],"hypothetical":[98],"scenario":[99],"together":[100],"with":[101,166],"reading":[102],"online":[104],"comments.":[105],"Emotional,":[106],"responses":[110],"measured":[112],"via":[113],"Positive":[115],"Affect":[116,119],"Negative":[118],"Scale,":[120],"Dundee":[122],"Stress":[123],"State":[124],"Questionnaire,":[125],"Coping":[128],"Inventory":[129],"Task":[131],"Stress,":[132],"respectively.":[133],"results":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"induced":[143],"negative":[145],"emotional":[146],"state.":[147],"We":[148],"also":[149],"found":[150],"use":[156],"impolite":[158],"language":[159],"increased":[160,163],"engagement,":[161],"worry":[164],"compared":[165],"effects.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}