{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082815392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091453","title":"Design of a New Hybrid Topology of WPT System to Achieve Load-Independent Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Output","display_name":"Design of a New Hybrid Topology of WPT System to Achieve Load-Independent Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Output","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082815392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091453","mag":"3082815392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12091453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091453","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1453/pdf?version=1599182519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1453/pdf?version=1599182519","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103282273","display_name":"Masood Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-9209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masood Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-9209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090052668","display_name":"Perumal Nallagownden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-4105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perumal Nallagownden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-4105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085203898","display_name":"Zuhairi Baharudin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-8974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuhairi Baharudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103282273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57506119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"1453","last_page":"1453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.6780740022659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.6622734069824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.6207633018493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6159531474113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.5763770937919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5527686476707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-current","display_name":"Constant current","score":0.548096239566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5123416185379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.4953252375125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.47056126594543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45792633295059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4259113669395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41819655895233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35874173045158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23732435703277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19059568643569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.1191660463809967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.6780740022659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.6622734069824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.6207633018493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6159531474113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5763770937919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5527686476707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53392680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163647","display_name":"Constant current","level":3,"score":0.548096239566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5123416185379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.4953252375125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47056126594543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45792633295059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4259113669395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41819655895233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35874173045158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23732435703277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19059568643569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.1191660463809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12091453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091453","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1453/pdf?version=1599182519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7938d2e49a164c77b855af39aeaaa190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7938d2e49a164c77b855af39aeaaa190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 1453 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/9/1453/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 12; Issue 9; Pages: 1453","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12091453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091453","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/9/1453/pdf?version=1599182519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6572868044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"015LCO-024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082815392.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517714277","https://openalex.org/W1599667584","https://openalex.org/W1978564588","https://openalex.org/W1984478186","https://openalex.org/W2026419482","https://openalex.org/W2049153138","https://openalex.org/W2075323265","https://openalex.org/W2078070169","https://openalex.org/W2078171422","https://openalex.org/W2161558777","https://openalex.org/W2292175990","https://openalex.org/W2314075091","https://openalex.org/W2427848313","https://openalex.org/W2560956574","https://openalex.org/W2577508101","https://openalex.org/W2604341646","https://openalex.org/W2743604776","https://openalex.org/W2751985352","https://openalex.org/W2766275741","https://openalex.org/W2771415535","https://openalex.org/W2771455960","https://openalex.org/W2790205304","https://openalex.org/W2806959900","https://openalex.org/W2811041448","https://openalex.org/W2908108414","https://openalex.org/W2953909171","https://openalex.org/W2973869505","https://openalex.org/W3121989553","https://openalex.org/W6745427002","https://openalex.org/W6768224159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386264909","https://openalex.org/W3013760104","https://openalex.org/W4205317126","https://openalex.org/W2763444231","https://openalex.org/W2766259844","https://openalex.org/W2740114034","https://openalex.org/W2996994402","https://openalex.org/W2944239825","https://openalex.org/W4327640760","https://openalex.org/W3009881542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21,158,200],"usage":[1],"of":[2,14,56,66,94,218],"the":[3,54,67,74,95,108,181,194,205,212,225],"Wireless":[4],"Power":[5],"Transfer":[6],"(WPT)":[7],"technique":[8],"for":[9,33,123,132],"charging":[10,36],"lithium-ion":[11],"(Li-ion)":[12],"batteries":[13],"electric":[15],"vehicles":[16],"(EVs)":[17],"is":[18,44,70,135,142,168,190],"increasing":[19],"rapidly.":[20],"Li-ion":[22],"battery":[23,35,57],"requires":[24],"constant":[25],"current":[26],"(CC)":[27],"followed":[28],"by":[29,144],"constant-voltage":[30],"(CV)":[31],"supply":[32],"efficient":[34],"and":[37,49,91,115,126,148,166,171,187,197,208,220,227],"to":[38,46,53,72,87,173,192],"enhance":[39],"its":[40],"lifespan.":[41],"However,":[42],"it":[43,167],"hard":[45],"obtain":[47],"CC":[48,90,125,226],"CV":[50,92,127,228],"outputs":[51],"due":[52],"variation":[55],"resistance":[58],"during":[59],"charging.":[60],"Moreover,":[61],"a":[62,82,188],"zero-phase":[63],"angle":[64],"(ZPA)":[65],"input":[68],"source":[69],"essential":[71],"improve":[73],"power":[75,133],"transfer":[76],"capability.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"this":[79],"paper":[80],"proposes":[81],"new":[83,139],"hybrid":[84,140],"compensation":[85,141,151,160,178],"topology":[86],"achieve":[88],"load-independent":[89],"behavior":[93],"WPT":[96,110],"system":[97,111],"along":[98,153],"with":[99,154,175,211],"ZPA.":[100],"Two":[101],"symmetrical":[102],"coils":[103],"have":[104],"been":[105],"used":[106],"in":[107,224],"proposed":[109,159],"as":[112,129,131],"transmitter":[113],"(Tx)":[114],"receiver":[116],"(Rx)":[117],"coils.":[118],"A":[119,138],"comprehensive":[120],"mathematical":[121,195,206],"analysis":[122,196,207],"achieving":[124],"characteristics":[128],"well":[130],"losses":[134],"carried":[136],"out.":[137],"designed":[143],"combining":[145],"Series\u2013Series":[146],"(SS)":[147],"Inductor\u2013Capacitor\u2013Capacitor/Series":[149],"(LCC-S)":[150],"topologies":[152],"two":[155],"additional":[156],"switches.":[157],"works":[161],"on":[162],"single":[163],"resonance":[164],"frequency,":[165],"simple,":[169],"reliable,":[170],"easy":[172],"implement":[174],"only":[176],"one":[177],"capacitor":[179],"from":[180],"Rx":[182],"side.":[183],"Simulations":[184],"are":[185,222],"performed,":[186],"prototype":[189],"fabricated":[191],"verify":[193],"simulation":[198],"results.":[199,214],"overall":[201],"result":[202],"shows":[203],"that":[204],"simulations":[209],"comply":[210],"experimental":[213],"Full":[215],"load":[216],"efficiencies":[217],"90.33%":[219],"88.91%":[221],"achieved":[223],"modes,":[229],"respectively.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}