{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3069591600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081374","title":"A Fast and Noise Tolerable Binarization Method for Automatic License Plate Recognition in the Open Environment in Taiwan","display_name":"A Fast and Noise Tolerable Binarization Method for Automatic License Plate Recognition in the Open Environment in Taiwan","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3069591600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081374","mag":"3069591600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081374","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1374/pdf?version=1597816481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1374/pdf?version=1597816481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110705397","display_name":"Chun-Cheng Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Cheng Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung County 41349, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung County 41349, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699335","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Jung Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-1953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Jung Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109446325","display_name":"Ting-Yi Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Yi Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112539950","display_name":"Jen-Yuan Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101512","display_name":"National Museum of Natural Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0105p2j56","country_code":"TW","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101512","https://openalex.org/I4210141165","https://openalex.org/I4410514724"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jen-Yuan Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Operation, Visitor Service, Collection and Information Management, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung City 40453, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Operation, Visitor Service, Collection and Information Management, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung City 40453, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063229707","display_name":"Hsun Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsun Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005509689","display_name":"Min-Hsiu Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Hsiu Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100699335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68147836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"1374","last_page":"1374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9190999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.845649003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otsus-method","display_name":"Otsu's method","score":0.8060696125030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.785036563873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7495797872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.658048689365387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6109366416931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.610887885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.49535027146339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45866599678993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4539104402065277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.33431941270828247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.845649003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21729346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2444417","display_name":"Otsu's method","level":4,"score":0.8060696125030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.785036563873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7495797872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.658048689365387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6109366416931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.610887885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.49535027146339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45866599678993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4539104402065277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.33431941270828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081374","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1374/pdf?version=1597816481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e5f70337e6ab4d458be206a41a705707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e5f70337e6ab4d458be206a41a705707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 1374 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/8/1374/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081374","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1374/pdf?version=1597816481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3069591600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3069591600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547714734","https://openalex.org/W1597931944","https://openalex.org/W1600270397","https://openalex.org/W1692009177","https://openalex.org/W1975399404","https://openalex.org/W1983461308","https://openalex.org/W2000084115","https://openalex.org/W2009667652","https://openalex.org/W2019876754","https://openalex.org/W2020980652","https://openalex.org/W2030326191","https://openalex.org/W2057011351","https://openalex.org/W2078688545","https://openalex.org/W2079657870","https://openalex.org/W2081590323","https://openalex.org/W2083970667","https://openalex.org/W2088920913","https://openalex.org/W2095326749","https://openalex.org/W2095565388","https://openalex.org/W2102608210","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2130084913","https://openalex.org/W2133003941","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2143251344","https://openalex.org/W2143425433","https://openalex.org/W2151815580","https://openalex.org/W2153451711","https://openalex.org/W2162477536","https://openalex.org/W2164457494","https://openalex.org/W2222622981","https://openalex.org/W2273196628","https://openalex.org/W2301727469","https://openalex.org/W2309015593","https://openalex.org/W2409807430","https://openalex.org/W2461332401","https://openalex.org/W2543461915","https://openalex.org/W2597332365","https://openalex.org/W2618819586","https://openalex.org/W2666113179","https://openalex.org/W2748854270","https://openalex.org/W2937791502","https://openalex.org/W2987455259","https://openalex.org/W3000002142","https://openalex.org/W3005576218","https://openalex.org/W4253999777","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6679480627","https://openalex.org/W6682804188","https://openalex.org/W6739837945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071534821","https://openalex.org/W2015185374","https://openalex.org/W2981960317","https://openalex.org/W3162267746","https://openalex.org/W2360695088","https://openalex.org/W2377426844","https://openalex.org/W1614535104","https://openalex.org/W2541611006","https://openalex.org/W4306937392","https://openalex.org/W2128930943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"License":[0],"plate":[1,30,50],"recognition":[2,51,63,152],"is":[3,13,24,39,55,71,74,84,125],"widely":[4],"used":[5,45],"in":[6,47,92,112,116],"our":[7,136,147],"daily":[8],"life.":[9],"Image":[10],"binarization,":[11],"which":[12,124],"a":[14,48,61,101,121,139],"process":[15],"to":[16,20,76,103,143,155],"convert":[17],"an":[18,25,93],"image":[19],"white":[21],"and":[22,43,58,79,81],"black,":[23],"important":[26],"step":[27],"of":[28,68,107,145],"license":[29,49,109],"recognition.":[31],"Among":[32],"the":[33,40,56,105,113,128,151],"proposed":[34],"binarization":[35,122],"methods,":[36],"Otsu":[37,69],"method":[38,70,123,137,148],"most":[41,87],"famous":[42],"commonly":[44],"one":[46],"system":[52,102,119],"since":[53,86],"it":[54,73],"fastest":[57],"can":[59,149],"reach":[60],"comparable":[62],"accuracy.":[64],"The":[65],"main":[66],"disadvantage":[67],"that":[72,134,144],"sensitive":[75],"luminance":[77],"effect":[78],"noise,":[80],"this":[82,97],"property":[83],"impractical":[85],"vehicle":[88],"images":[89],"are":[90],"captured":[91],"open":[94,114],"environment.":[95],"In":[96],"paper,":[98],"we":[99],"propose":[100],"improve":[104,150],"performance":[106],"automatic":[108],"plates":[110],"reorganization":[111],"environment":[115],"Taiwan.":[117],"Our":[118],"uses":[120],"inspired":[126],"by":[127],"symmetry":[129],"principles.":[130],"Experimental":[131],"results":[132],"showed":[133],"when":[135],"has":[138],"similar":[140],"time":[141],"complexity":[142],"Otsu,":[146],"rate":[153],"up":[154],"1.30":[156],"times":[157],"better":[158],"than":[159],"Otsu.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}