{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048388202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081353","title":"Optimized Design for NB-LDPC-Coded High-Order CPM: Power and Iterative Efficiencies","display_name":"Optimized Design for NB-LDPC-Coded High-Order CPM: Power and Iterative Efficiencies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048388202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081353","mag":"3048388202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081353","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1353/pdf?version=1597298308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1353/pdf?version=1597298308","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012209797","display_name":"Rui Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-6575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741790","display_name":"Tong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-7907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009240441","display_name":"Yanbo Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154110","display_name":"Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jbf9x18","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154110"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu 610036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu 610036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001807732","display_name":"Huaiyu Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaiyu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Xinxiang 453000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Xinxiang 453000, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100741790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07151309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"1353","last_page":"1353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exit-chart","display_name":"EXIT chart","score":0.8766433000564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.8575197458267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5926827192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5735396146774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-rate","display_name":"Code rate","score":0.5365298986434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5156737565994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4726856052875519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4693908095359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.4682743549346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-gain","display_name":"Coding gain","score":0.46688026189804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-phase-modulation","display_name":"Continuous phase modulation","score":0.4668095111846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3888217508792877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.3628852367401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1897963583469391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18895936012268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.09252047538757324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171401667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5324684","display_name":"EXIT chart","level":5,"score":0.8766433000564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.8575197458267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5926827192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5735396146774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206468330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834373","display_name":"Code rate","level":3,"score":0.5365298986434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5156737565994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4726856052875519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4693908095359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.4682743549346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76862118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105671","display_name":"Coding gain","level":3,"score":0.46688026189804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C343090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165504","display_name":"Continuous phase modulation","level":2,"score":0.4668095111846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3888217508792877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.3628852367401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1897963583469391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18895936012268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.09252047538757324}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081353","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1353/pdf?version=1597298308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4db7ce029a6045c6bdf9a0608f07a0b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4db7ce029a6045c6bdf9a0608f07a0b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 1353 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/8/1353/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081353","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1353/pdf?version=1597298308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5935275017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61873070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G998668011","display_name":"\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3GNSS\u661f\u95f4\u94fe\u8def\u5bfc\u901a\u878d\u5408\u4fe1\u53f7\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61873070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048388202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048388202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525553818","https://openalex.org/W1563682476","https://openalex.org/W1771238302","https://openalex.org/W1914102101","https://openalex.org/W1964402820","https://openalex.org/W1973869325","https://openalex.org/W1975654492","https://openalex.org/W1993977628","https://openalex.org/W2019177833","https://openalex.org/W2025660576","https://openalex.org/W2027348011","https://openalex.org/W2029872414","https://openalex.org/W2061162143","https://openalex.org/W2067641428","https://openalex.org/W2085754046","https://openalex.org/W2095197116","https://openalex.org/W2104998202","https://openalex.org/W2119001152","https://openalex.org/W2130876557","https://openalex.org/W2143687662","https://openalex.org/W2147498943","https://openalex.org/W2159059820","https://openalex.org/W2160390925","https://openalex.org/W2160848826","https://openalex.org/W2163619651","https://openalex.org/W2165808853","https://openalex.org/W2196590602","https://openalex.org/W2478675779","https://openalex.org/W2796802856","https://openalex.org/W2806385030","https://openalex.org/W2891766761","https://openalex.org/W2891923338","https://openalex.org/W2912953529","https://openalex.org/W2954568146","https://openalex.org/W2971659174","https://openalex.org/W2992625260","https://openalex.org/W2998095927","https://openalex.org/W3017179018","https://openalex.org/W4206852479","https://openalex.org/W6640495867","https://openalex.org/W6806960764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490125210","https://openalex.org/W2074933278","https://openalex.org/W2369029218","https://openalex.org/W2118999781","https://openalex.org/W2097218458","https://openalex.org/W1673598420","https://openalex.org/W1583152740","https://openalex.org/W2097086590","https://openalex.org/W2149939685","https://openalex.org/W2086485152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,42,50,58,141,190,200],"non-binary":[4],"low-density":[5],"parity-check":[6],"(NB-LDPC)":[7],"coded":[8],"high-order":[9,187],"continuous":[10],"phase":[11],"modulation":[12],"(CPM)":[13],"system":[14],"is":[15,70,96,137],"designed":[16],"and":[17,22,32,54,67,83,107,109,130,135,148,171,175,194,208,212],"optimized":[18],"to":[19,40,72,98,139,167],"improve":[20],"power":[21,36,47,211],"iterative":[23,105,149,213],"efficiencies.":[24,214],"Firstly,":[25],"the":[26,33,78,88,100,110,127,145,156,168,181],"minimum":[27],"squared":[28],"normalized":[29],"Euclidean":[30],"distance":[31],"99%":[34],"double-sided":[35],"bandwidth":[37],"are":[38],"introduced":[39],"design":[41,73],"competitive":[43],"CPM,":[44],"improving":[45],"its":[46],"efficiency":[48,196],"under":[49],"given":[51,191],"code":[52,192],"rate":[53,115,193],"spectral":[55,195],"efficiency.":[56],"Secondly,":[57],"three-step":[59],"method":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"extrinsic":[63,93],"information":[64,94,132],"transfer":[65],"(EXIT)":[66],"entropy":[68],"theory":[69],"used":[71],"NB-LDPC":[74],"codes,":[75],"which":[76],"reduces":[77],"convergence":[79],"threshold":[80],"approximately":[81,118,161,173],"0.42":[82],"0.58":[84],"dB":[85,163,177],"compared":[86,166,179,204],"with":[87,180,205],"candidate":[89,182],"schemes.":[90,183],"Thirdly,":[91],"an":[92,160],"operation":[95],"proposed":[97],"address":[99],"positive":[101],"feedback":[102],"issue":[103],"in":[104],"detection":[106],"decoding":[108,136,150],"value":[111],"of":[112],"bit":[113],"error":[114],"(BER)":[116],"can":[117],"be":[119],"reduced":[120],"by":[121],"5\u00d710\u22123.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"iteration":[124],"optimization":[125],"employing":[126],"EXIT":[128],"chart":[129],"mutual":[131],"between":[133],"demodulation":[134],"performed":[138],"achieve":[140],"suitable":[142],"tradeoff":[143],"for":[144,189],"communication":[146],"reliability":[147],"delay.":[151],"Simulation":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"that":[155],"resulting":[157,185],"scheme":[158],"provides":[159],"3.95":[162],"coding":[164],"gain":[165],"uncoded":[169],"CPM":[170,188],"achieves":[172],"0.5":[174],"0.7":[176],"advantages":[178],"The":[184],"NB-LDPC-coded":[186],"converges":[197],"earlier":[198],"into":[199],"turbo":[201],"cliff":[202],"region":[203],"other":[206],"competitors":[207],"significantly":[209],"improves":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}