{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047037102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081303","title":"Towards a Hybrid Evaluation Approach to Chinese Sustainable Drinking Water Source Regions within an Uncertain Decision Environment","display_name":"Towards a Hybrid Evaluation Approach to Chinese Sustainable Drinking Water Source Regions within an Uncertain Decision Environment","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047037102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081303","mag":"3047037102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081303","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1303/pdf?version=1596682563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1303/pdf?version=1596682563","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428753","display_name":"Xue\u2010Yang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaohong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840981","display_name":"Xudong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8284-0219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028389743","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-5985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China","School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-5985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436355","display_name":"Jian\u2010qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-4881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China","School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028389743","https://openalex.org/A5101840981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57207878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"1303","last_page":"1303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6334824562072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6117184162139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5820841789245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-decision-making","display_name":"Group decision-making","score":0.47979050874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4620264172554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.4222252070903778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4000396132469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3549126386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33647435903549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18906942009925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17027771472930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.08823174238204956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6334824562072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6117184162139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5820841789245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20701700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388791","display_name":"Group decision-making","level":2,"score":0.47979050874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4620264172554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.4222252070903778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4000396132469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3549126386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33647435903549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18906942009925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17027771472930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08823174238204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081303","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1303/pdf?version=1596682563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4f25c4c2f2e4495afaf236ade8deb40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4f25c4c2f2e4495afaf236ade8deb40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 1303 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/8/1303/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 12; Issue 8; Pages: 1303","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081303","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1303/pdf?version=1596682563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2381267717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 71901226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047037102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047037102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978582018","https://openalex.org/W1984502995","https://openalex.org/W2043444342","https://openalex.org/W2076428443","https://openalex.org/W2085154346","https://openalex.org/W2087991154","https://openalex.org/W2130104797","https://openalex.org/W2131390763","https://openalex.org/W2147595926","https://openalex.org/W2168787899","https://openalex.org/W2187797583","https://openalex.org/W2205336636","https://openalex.org/W2227014325","https://openalex.org/W2336246663","https://openalex.org/W2394927731","https://openalex.org/W2549088488","https://openalex.org/W2550178409","https://openalex.org/W2562831529","https://openalex.org/W2563036611","https://openalex.org/W2584571300","https://openalex.org/W2593430030","https://openalex.org/W2624554840","https://openalex.org/W2738448862","https://openalex.org/W2744493907","https://openalex.org/W2747719191","https://openalex.org/W2748076757","https://openalex.org/W2749626323","https://openalex.org/W2769356115","https://openalex.org/W2776819710","https://openalex.org/W2793193046","https://openalex.org/W2808442168","https://openalex.org/W2824204870","https://openalex.org/W2885574655","https://openalex.org/W2888046632","https://openalex.org/W2901158965","https://openalex.org/W2901754468","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2981601811","https://openalex.org/W3001036435","https://openalex.org/W3014836570","https://openalex.org/W3021328243","https://openalex.org/W3140407031","https://openalex.org/W3143689354","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6679780668","https://openalex.org/W6687184484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W2938171715","https://openalex.org/W4287727129","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W2147155098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Confronted":[0],"with":[1,176],"the":[2,33,39,75,107,131,137,181,207,210],"increasingly":[3],"serious":[4],"water":[5,19],"pollution":[6],"in":[7,26,38,186],"China,":[8],"companies":[9],"are":[10,112,145],"implementing":[11],"scientific":[12],"measures":[13],"to":[14,28,83,92,101,172,205],"strive":[15],"for":[16,125],"sustainable":[17],"drinking":[18],"source":[20],"regions":[21],"(DWSRs).":[22],"The":[23],"challenge":[24],"lies":[25],"how":[27],"evaluate":[29,102],"available":[30,103],"DWSRs.":[31,104],"Considering":[32],"complexity":[34],"and":[35,63,98,142,154,158,183],"uncertainty":[36],"existing":[37],"evaluation":[40,166],"process,":[41],"we":[42,118],"deem":[43],"this":[44,87],"process":[45],"a":[46,90,94,120,149,198],"complicated":[47],"multi-criteria":[48],"group":[49],"decision-making":[50],"(MCGDM)":[51],"problem.":[52],"It":[53,170],"involves":[54],"fuzzy":[55,80,85,190],"decision":[56,68,143,184],"information,":[57],"prioritized":[58,132],"relationships":[59],"among":[60],"different":[61,71],"criteria,":[62],"distinctively":[64],"allocated":[65],"weights":[66,139],"of":[67,122,134,140,201,209],"makers":[69,144,185],"regarding":[70,180],"alternatives.":[72],"By":[73],"utilizing":[74],"asymmetrical":[76],"weak":[77,127,187],"probabilistic":[78,188],"hesitant":[79,189],"elements":[81],"(P-HFES)":[82],"depict":[84],"data,":[86],"paper":[88],"leads":[89],"direction":[91],"investigating":[93],"data-driven":[95],"MCGDM":[96,174],"approach":[97,167],"its":[99],"application":[100,202],"First,":[105],"considering":[106],"common":[108],"sense":[109],"that":[110],"criteria":[111,141,182],"not":[113],"always":[114],"given":[115],"symmetrical":[116],"priority,":[117],"propose":[119],"series":[121],"aggregation":[123],"operators":[124],"integrating":[126],"P-HFEs":[128],"by":[129],"including":[130],"relationship":[133],"criteria.":[135],"Moreover,":[136],"importance":[138],"objectively":[146],"determined":[147],"through":[148],"priority-based":[150],"basic":[151],"unit":[152],"interval":[153],"monotonic":[155],"(P-BUM)":[156],"function":[157],"some":[159],"novel":[160],"distance":[161],"measures,":[162],"respectively.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"an":[165],"is":[168,203],"established.":[169],"aims":[171],"handle":[173],"problems":[175],"incomplete":[177],"weight":[178],"information":[179],"circumstance.":[191],"Practically,":[192],"focusing":[193],"on":[194],"evaluating":[195],"three":[196],"DWSRs,":[197],"realistic":[199],"example":[200],"furnished":[204],"verify":[206],"feasibility":[208],"proposed":[211],"approach.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}