{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044006605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081236","title":"q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Geometric Aggregation Operators Based on Generalized and Group-Generalized Parameters with Application to Water Loss Management","display_name":"q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Geometric Aggregation Operators Based on Generalized and Group-Generalized Parameters with Application to Water Loss Management","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044006605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081236","mag":"3044006605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1236/pdf?version=1596017241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1236/pdf?version=1596017241","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049665961","display_name":"Muhammad Riaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-9168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Riaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-9168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033257485","display_name":"Ayesha Razzaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3327-086X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Razzaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3327-086X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001569809","display_name":"Humaira Kalsoom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-3349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humaira Kalsoom","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-3349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018974025","display_name":"Dragan Pamu\u010dar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-1942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153194","display_name":"University of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmq3h75","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153194"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dragan Pamu\u010dar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Logistics, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-1942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Logistics, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011199219","display_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Athar Farid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-0750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Athar Farid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-0750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046314241","display_name":"Yu\u2010Ming Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-2134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Ming Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-2134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046314241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800","https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":5.3905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95943553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"1236","last_page":"1236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5915101170539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.590212345123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.5404404997825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.537534773349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4835740923881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.47379061579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44285839796066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43796247243881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falsity","display_name":"Falsity","score":0.42995262145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.41427645087242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4000592827796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3830096125602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3609684705734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26191312074661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.14360788464546204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5915101170539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.590212345123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.5404404997825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.537534773349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4835740923881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.47379061579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44285839796066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43796247243881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777685122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Falsity","level":2,"score":0.42995262145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.41427645087242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4000592827796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3830096125602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3609684705734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26191312074661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.14360788464546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1236/pdf?version=1596017241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5197c535f6c4116bf67ec62602ec54e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5197c535f6c4116bf67ec62602ec54e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 1236 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/8/1236/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1236/pdf?version=1596017241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4369310","https://openalex.org/W58991120","https://openalex.org/W84997744","https://openalex.org/W1520863790","https://openalex.org/W1668569279","https://openalex.org/W1971875039","https://openalex.org/W1980564456","https://openalex.org/W1980696248","https://openalex.org/W1990975338","https://openalex.org/W1999693983","https://openalex.org/W2007620983","https://openalex.org/W2013932252","https://openalex.org/W2015439528","https://openalex.org/W2017056364","https://openalex.org/W2033287527","https://openalex.org/W2042560256","https://openalex.org/W2043240495","https://openalex.org/W2050559707","https://openalex.org/W2056635616","https://openalex.org/W2060907774","https://openalex.org/W2071327654","https://openalex.org/W2079457935","https://openalex.org/W2085782719","https://openalex.org/W2104077967","https://openalex.org/W2171660301","https://openalex.org/W2374072881","https://openalex.org/W2514754342","https://openalex.org/W2527615072","https://openalex.org/W2528715572","https://openalex.org/W2549733045","https://openalex.org/W2551196604","https://openalex.org/W2589233777","https://openalex.org/W2752098511","https://openalex.org/W2756350556","https://openalex.org/W2788853942","https://openalex.org/W2794272320","https://openalex.org/W2804593936","https://openalex.org/W2806570248","https://openalex.org/W2808872784","https://openalex.org/W2809266330","https://openalex.org/W2885877913","https://openalex.org/W2888583035","https://openalex.org/W2895986329","https://openalex.org/W2901776415","https://openalex.org/W2905944349","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2959247396","https://openalex.org/W2973775716","https://openalex.org/W3011252681","https://openalex.org/W3015696117","https://openalex.org/W3020996816","https://openalex.org/W3023745022","https://openalex.org/W3033205673","https://openalex.org/W3035834491","https://openalex.org/W3036760384","https://openalex.org/W3037338019","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4230571157","https://openalex.org/W6602379895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154861596","https://openalex.org/W1967783975","https://openalex.org/W3036866103","https://openalex.org/W4256102004","https://openalex.org/W1507361101","https://openalex.org/W2239357730","https://openalex.org/W250424148","https://openalex.org/W2567598725","https://openalex.org/W1943501985","https://openalex.org/W45867646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"notions":[1],"of":[2,39,45,49,57,83,114,132,137,169,213,217,271,289,298],"fuzzy":[3,8,32,63],"set":[4,9,33,64],"(FS)":[5],"and":[6,23,47,70,97,117,147,182,234,280,296],"intuitionistic":[7],"(IFS)":[10],"make":[11],"a":[12,60,106,119,138,162,237],"major":[13],"contribution":[14],"to":[15,94,122,161,205,228,248,260,267,301],"dealing":[16],"with":[17,100,166,196],"practical":[18],"situations":[19],"in":[20,42,66,86,194,202,287],"an":[21,36],"indeterminate":[22],"imprecise":[24,84],"framework,":[25],"but":[26],"there":[27],"are":[28,154,159],"some":[29],"limitations.":[30],"Pythagorean":[31],"(PFS)":[34],"is":[35,59,92,141,245,305],"extended":[37,160],"form":[38],"the":[40,52,74,81,112,126,130,135,144,157,167,211,214,230,242,250,253,269,272,278,281,294,302],"IFS,":[41,96],"which":[43,67],"degree":[44,48,69,72],"truthness":[46,68],"falsity":[50,71],"meet":[51,73],"condition":[53,75],"0\u2264\u0398\u02d82(x)+K2(x)\u22641.":[54],"Another":[55],"extension":[56],"PFS":[58,98],"q\u00b4-rung":[61],"orthopair":[62],"(q\u00b4-ROFS),":[65],"0\u2264\u0398\u02d8q\u00b4(x)+Kq\u00b4(x)\u22641,(q\u00b4\u22651),":[76],"so":[77],"they":[78],"can":[79,226],"characterize":[80],"scope":[82],"information":[85,116],"more":[87],"comprehensive":[88],"way.":[89],"q\u00b4-ROFS":[90,145],"theory":[91,99,146],"superior":[93],"FS,":[95],"distinguished":[101],"characteristics.":[102],"This":[103],"study":[104],"develops":[105],"few":[107],"aggregation":[108,152,177,185],"operators":[109,153,283],"(AOs)":[110],"for":[111,210,292],"fusion":[113],"q\u00b4-ROF":[115,150,175,183,254],"introduces":[118],"new":[120],"approach":[121,239],"decision-making":[123,238],"based":[124,240],"on":[125,241],"proposed":[127,243,279,299],"operators.":[128],"In":[129],"framework":[131],"this":[133],"investigation,":[134],"idea":[136],"generalized":[139,149,164,180,189],"parameter":[140,181],"integrated":[142],"into":[143],"different":[148,170],"geometric":[151,176,184],"presented.":[155],"Subsequently,":[156],"AOs":[158],"\u201cgroup-based":[163],"parameter\u201d,":[165],"perception":[168],"specialists/decision":[171],"makers.":[172],"We":[173],"developed":[174,273],"operator":[178,186,244],"under":[179,187,252],"group-based":[188],"parameter.":[190],"Increased":[191],"water":[192,197,200,220,223,261],"requirements,":[193],"parallel":[195],"scarcity,":[198],"force":[199],"utilities":[201],"developing":[203],"countries":[204],"follow":[206],"complex":[207],"operating":[208],"techniques":[209,300],"distribution":[212],"available":[215],"amounts":[216],"water.":[218],"Reducing":[219],"losses":[221],"from":[222],"supply":[224,233],"systems":[225],"help":[227],"bridge":[229],"gap":[231],"between":[232,277],"demand.":[235],"Finally,":[236],"being":[246],"built":[247],"solve":[249],"problems":[251],"environment.":[255],"An":[256],"illustrative":[257],"example":[258],"related":[259],"loss":[262],"management":[263],"has":[264],"been":[265,285],"given":[266],"show":[268],"validity":[270],"method.":[274],"Comparison":[275],"analysis":[276],"existing":[282,303],"have":[284],"performed":[286],"term":[288],"counter-intuitive":[290],"cases":[291],"showing":[293],"liability":[295],"dominance":[297],"one":[304],"also":[306],"considered.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}