{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045485707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081227","title":"Data Hiding in Symmetric Circular String Art","display_name":"Data Hiding in Symmetric Circular String Art","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045485707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081227","mag":"3045485707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1227/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1227/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102211796","display_name":"Yusong Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Song Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Art Design, University of Science and Technology LiaoNing, Anshan 114051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Art Design, University of Science and Technology LiaoNing, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079364190","display_name":"Huili Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7498-5351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Li Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060064514","display_name":"Bin Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-464X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-464X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060064514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4950072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"1227","last_page":"1227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6262835264205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5969816446304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5243452191352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.520948052406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.5143476724624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.5014035701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.4585343301296234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.42357468605041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4200163781642914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3686094284057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3679986000061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3620292544364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.33978506922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2552785873413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11687099933624268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6262835264205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5969816446304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5243452191352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.520948052406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5143476724624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.5014035701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.4585343301296234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.42357468605041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4200163781642914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3686094284057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3679986000061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3620292544364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33978506922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2552785873413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11687099933624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1227/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0407f7b32c66461cbaad733450023c27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0407f7b32c66461cbaad733450023c27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 1227 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/8/1227/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12081227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1227/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6865781240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2014JL044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6954434050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61272432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487893415","https://openalex.org/W1491163994","https://openalex.org/W1533858268","https://openalex.org/W1553932136","https://openalex.org/W1853549422","https://openalex.org/W1994881491","https://openalex.org/W2017581567","https://openalex.org/W2082175762","https://openalex.org/W2098731348","https://openalex.org/W2099791799","https://openalex.org/W2104252854","https://openalex.org/W2107465879","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2132089535","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2139289040","https://openalex.org/W2144047650","https://openalex.org/W2159390040","https://openalex.org/W2170269447","https://openalex.org/W2262694255","https://openalex.org/W2342152533","https://openalex.org/W2400363826","https://openalex.org/W2403682575","https://openalex.org/W2727505277","https://openalex.org/W2728144168","https://openalex.org/W2805581493","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2924639277","https://openalex.org/W2947943401","https://openalex.org/W2953967492","https://openalex.org/W2983820119","https://openalex.org/W3018333331","https://openalex.org/W3021799630","https://openalex.org/W3034329490","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3147694637","https://openalex.org/W4247227689","https://openalex.org/W6629301762","https://openalex.org/W6639803717","https://openalex.org/W6675685989","https://openalex.org/W6779473996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Creative":[0],"digital":[1,21,50,80,97,282],"artwork":[2,22],"is":[3,23,52,127,142,158,190,245,252,262,271],"usually":[4],"the":[5,75,79,115,130,146,162,172,178,181,194,202,212,228,231,234,240,256,272],"outcome":[6,25],"of":[7,11,16,26,30,49,78,82,102,105,118,132,174,180,281],"a":[8,27,60,87,103,139,155,186,207],"long":[9],"period":[10],"intellectual":[12,38],"creation":[13],"and":[14,33,71,154,239,260,278],"labor":[15],"an":[17,24,151,167],"artist.":[18],"Similarly,":[19],"computer-created":[20],"large":[28],"amount":[29],"machine":[31],"time":[32],"computational":[34,61],"resources.":[35],"However,":[36],"such":[37],"properties":[39],"can":[40],"be":[41,69,150,166],"easily":[42],"copied":[43],"by":[44,110,135,144,160],"illegal":[45,76],"users.":[46],"Copyright":[47],"protection":[48,280],"art":[51,66,99,184,221,237,243,250],"increasingly":[53],"more":[54],"important":[55],"than":[56],"before.":[57],"Recently,":[58],"using":[59,227],"approach":[62],"to":[63,68,149,165,192,219],"generate":[64],"string":[65,83,94,98,106,183,220,236,242,249,258,283],"tends":[67],"popular":[70],"attractive.":[72],"To":[73,170,200,266],"protect":[74],"usage":[77],"form":[81],"art,":[84,259],"we":[85,205],"propose":[86],"data":[88,124,175,276],"hiding":[89,277],"algorithm":[90,189],"specifically":[91,217],"designed":[92],"for":[93,211],"art.":[95,284],"A":[96],"image":[100,238,244,251],"consists":[101],"sequence":[104],"lines,":[107],"each":[108],"specified":[109],"two":[111,116],"nails":[112],"fixed":[113],"at":[114],"ends":[117],"that":[119,196,226],"line.":[120],"The":[121,247],"encrypted":[122],"secret":[123],"(the":[125],"watermark)":[126],"embedded":[128,143,159],"into":[129],"list":[131],"line":[133],"segments":[134],"odd\u2013even":[136],"modulation,":[137],"where":[138],"bit":[140,156],"\u20181\u2019":[141],"forcing":[145,161],"next":[147,163],"node":[148,164],"odd":[152],"node,":[153],"\u20180\u2019":[157],"even":[168],"node.":[169],"minimize":[171],"impact":[173],"embedding":[176,203],"on":[177],"quality":[179],"original":[182,235,257],"image,":[185],"local":[187],"optimization":[188],"developed":[191],"select":[193],"nodes":[195],"produce":[197],"minimal":[198],"distortion.":[199],"quantify":[201],"distortion,":[204],"introduce":[206],"smoothing":[208],"filter":[209],"model":[210],"human":[213],"vision":[214],"system":[215],"(HVS)":[216],"tailored":[218],"image.":[222],"Experimental":[223],"results":[224],"show":[225],"proposed":[229],"algorithm,":[230],"distortion":[232],"between":[233],"watermarked":[241],"unnoticeable.":[246],"modified":[248],"statistically":[253],"indistinguishable":[254],"from":[255],"hence":[261],"secure":[263],"under":[264],"steganalysis.":[265],"our":[267],"best":[268],"knowledge,":[269],"this":[270],"first":[273],"work":[274],"towards":[275],"copyright":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
