{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037957586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061056","title":"Cloud Detection for Satellite Imagery Using Attention-Based U-Net Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Cloud Detection for Satellite Imagery Using Attention-Based U-Net Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037957586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061056","mag":"3037957586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12061056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/1056/pdf?version=1593426224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/1056/pdf?version=1593426224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101737699","display_name":"Yanan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-8276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-8276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110714473","display_name":"Xiaoqun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-0712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-0712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049887116","display_name":"Bainian Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bainian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101677407","display_name":"Mei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110714473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":10.2104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9828168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"1056","last_page":"1056"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8443763256072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8178187608718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5898847579956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5763016939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4723052978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4366145431995392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3597453832626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3263586461544037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2158752679824829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8443763256072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8178187608718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5898847579956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5763016939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4723052978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4366145431995392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3597453832626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3263586461544037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2158752679824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12061056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/1056/pdf?version=1593426224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e791fd17c05d4922ad8b72880d27064a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e791fd17c05d4922ad8b72880d27064a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 1056 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/6/1056/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12061056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12061056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/1056/pdf?version=1593426224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5020824456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1506704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G692460039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41475094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037957586.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037957586.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2027047363","https://openalex.org/W2028191110","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2032098896","https://openalex.org/W2077095720","https://openalex.org/W2105809628","https://openalex.org/W2120229778","https://openalex.org/W2145717442","https://openalex.org/W2523246573","https://openalex.org/W2548491386","https://openalex.org/W2554652823","https://openalex.org/W2565950292","https://openalex.org/W2604249033","https://openalex.org/W2605495192","https://openalex.org/W2610331698","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2784735347","https://openalex.org/W2784958526","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2801061313","https://openalex.org/W2894802018","https://openalex.org/W2896492166","https://openalex.org/W2897283027","https://openalex.org/W2904122576","https://openalex.org/W2904671025","https://openalex.org/W2907663452","https://openalex.org/W2908075384","https://openalex.org/W2908512565","https://openalex.org/W2914834436","https://openalex.org/W2920981979","https://openalex.org/W2922342173","https://openalex.org/W2945778316","https://openalex.org/W2945851786","https://openalex.org/W2946072066","https://openalex.org/W2948157022","https://openalex.org/W2950314938","https://openalex.org/W2963265811","https://openalex.org/W2963999097","https://openalex.org/W2964060775","https://openalex.org/W2965339510","https://openalex.org/W2972970334","https://openalex.org/W2976131535","https://openalex.org/W2979481925","https://openalex.org/W2983717970","https://openalex.org/W2992697992","https://openalex.org/W2994023877","https://openalex.org/W3011515952","https://openalex.org/W3011853807","https://openalex.org/W3014120959","https://openalex.org/W3014892643","https://openalex.org/W6669688916","https://openalex.org/W6774744661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"detection":[1,21,185,227],"is":[2,76,121,141,190],"an":[3,84,145],"important":[4],"and":[5,82,102,123,156,160,203,244],"difficult":[6],"task":[7],"in":[8,26,51,173,197,217,224,240],"the":[9,30,37,91,97,106,110,127,134,139,170,182,198,225],"pre-processing":[10],"of":[11,18,32,40,99,129,136,200],"satellite":[12,241],"remote":[13],"sensing":[14],"data.":[15],"The":[16,87,165,187,213],"results":[17,112,167,196,223],"traditional":[19,183],"cloud":[20,72,137,159,184,226],"methods":[22,46],"are":[23],"often":[24],"unsatisfactory":[25],"complex":[27],"environments":[28],"or":[29],"presence":[31,199],"various":[33],"noise":[34],"disturbances.":[35],"With":[36],"rapid":[38],"development":[39],"artificial":[41],"intelligence":[42],"technology,":[43],"deep":[44,67],"learning":[45,68],"have":[47],"achieved":[48,221],"great":[49,195,236],"success":[50],"many":[52],"fields":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55],"image":[56,130,242],"processing,":[57],"speech":[58],"recognition,":[59],"autonomous":[60],"driving,":[61],"etc.":[62],"This":[63,117],"study":[64,219],"proposes":[65],"a":[66,79,177],"model":[69,89,140,150,215],"suitable":[70],"for":[71,238],"detection,":[73,138],"Cloud-AttU,":[74],"which":[75,95],"based":[77],"on":[78,133],"U-Net":[80],"network":[81,119,233],"incorporates":[83],"attention":[85,146],"mechanism.":[86],"Cloud-AttU":[88,214],"adopts":[90],"symmetric":[92,232],"Encoder-Decoder":[93],"structure,":[94],"achieves":[96],"fusion":[98],"high-level":[100],"features":[101,104,155],"low-level":[103],"through":[105],"skip-connection":[107],"operation,":[108],"making":[109],"output":[111],"contain":[113],"richer":[114],"multi-scale":[115],"information.":[116],"symmetrical":[118],"structure":[120],"concise":[122],"stable,":[124],"significantly":[125],"enhancing":[126],"effect":[128],"segmentation.":[131],"Based":[132],"characteristics":[135],"improved":[142],"by":[143],"introducing":[144],"mechanism":[147],"that":[148,169,230],"allows":[149],"to":[151,193,211],"learn":[152],"more":[153,163],"effective":[154],"distinguish":[157],"between":[158],"non-cloud":[161,206],"pixels":[162],"accurately.":[164],"experimental":[166],"show":[168],"method":[171,189],"proposed":[172,188,216],"this":[174,218,231],"paper":[175],"has":[176,220,235],"significant":[178],"accuracy":[179],"advantage":[180],"over":[181],"method.":[186],"also":[191],"able":[192],"achieve":[194],"snow/ice":[201],"disturbance":[202],"other":[204],"bright":[205],"objects,":[207],"with":[208],"strong":[209],"resistance":[210],"disturbance.":[212],"excellent":[222],"tasks,":[228],"indicating":[229],"architecture":[234],"potential":[237],"application":[239],"processing":[243],"deserves":[245],"further":[246],"research.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
