{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3032958672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060938","title":"Despeckling Algorithm for Removing Speckle Noise from Ultrasound Images","display_name":"Despeckling Algorithm for Removing Speckle Noise from Ultrasound Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3032958672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060938","mag":"3032958672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12060938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060938","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/938/pdf?version=1591179853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/938/pdf?version=1591179853","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044975389","display_name":"Hyun-Ho Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-9039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93906172","display_name":"Anyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/018pdh902","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93906172"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunho Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-9039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257","https://openalex.org/I93906172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018642097","display_name":"Jechang Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3759-3116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93906172","display_name":"Anyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/018pdh902","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93906172"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jechang Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3759-3116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257","https://openalex.org/I93906172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018642097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257","https://openalex.org/I93906172"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":2.5002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90056429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"938","last_page":"938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.8261911869049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropic-diffusion","display_name":"Anisotropic diffusion","score":0.5989187359809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.5829882025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.582567572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5749942660331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.5512984395027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5348941683769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5187147259712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-noise","display_name":"Image noise","score":0.46219757199287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46116015315055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-noise","display_name":"Gradient noise","score":0.4371257722377777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4286355674266815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-noise","display_name":"Value noise","score":0.4162788689136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36401087045669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2239934206008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.200965017080307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.8261911869049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203504353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4765461","display_name":"Anisotropic diffusion","level":3,"score":0.5989187359809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.5829882025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.582567572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5749942660331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.5512984395027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5348941683769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5187147259712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35772409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323086","display_name":"Image noise","level":3,"score":0.46219757199287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46116015315055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200378446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147391","display_name":"Gradient noise","level":5,"score":0.4371257722377777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4286355674266815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182163834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2926529","display_name":"Value noise","level":5,"score":0.4162788689136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36401087045669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2239934206008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.200965017080307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12060938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060938","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/938/pdf?version=1591179853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cebd01ce2b4746c2811327743d9662c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cebd01ce2b4746c2811327743d9662c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 938 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/6/938/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12060938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060938","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/938/pdf?version=1591179853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2258658061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202000000100013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","funder_display_name":"Agency for Defense Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032958672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032958672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37563857","https://openalex.org/W1529155083","https://openalex.org/W1914979257","https://openalex.org/W1975992194","https://openalex.org/W1981489936","https://openalex.org/W1982348168","https://openalex.org/W1995031544","https://openalex.org/W2004376198","https://openalex.org/W2006663170","https://openalex.org/W2007203285","https://openalex.org/W2016778695","https://openalex.org/W2036524212","https://openalex.org/W2041779571","https://openalex.org/W2048169076","https://openalex.org/W2049909233","https://openalex.org/W2068075086","https://openalex.org/W2072777319","https://openalex.org/W2088182184","https://openalex.org/W2090237999","https://openalex.org/W2096413230","https://openalex.org/W2100925004","https://openalex.org/W2110206939","https://openalex.org/W2113945798","https://openalex.org/W2115310626","https://openalex.org/W2117294245","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2125527601","https://openalex.org/W2128033169","https://openalex.org/W2130094715","https://openalex.org/W2133954466","https://openalex.org/W2141957843","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2158940042","https://openalex.org/W2171857449","https://openalex.org/W2239569741","https://openalex.org/W2266495241","https://openalex.org/W2271198659","https://openalex.org/W2316947163","https://openalex.org/W2476975422","https://openalex.org/W2518845577","https://openalex.org/W2519209168","https://openalex.org/W2582469721","https://openalex.org/W2601495055","https://openalex.org/W2744192309","https://openalex.org/W2764175721","https://openalex.org/W2889724815","https://openalex.org/W2921577213","https://openalex.org/W2922559641","https://openalex.org/W2954550524","https://openalex.org/W2972263407","https://openalex.org/W2992537903","https://openalex.org/W4254757478","https://openalex.org/W6764937223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056920477","https://openalex.org/W2811019791","https://openalex.org/W2980586888","https://openalex.org/W2354872990","https://openalex.org/W1517189867","https://openalex.org/W2369770188","https://openalex.org/W3140076208","https://openalex.org/W2373981197","https://openalex.org/W2186246304","https://openalex.org/W2371767205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound":[0],"(US)":[1],"imaging":[2],"can":[3,98],"examine":[4],"human":[5],"bodies":[6],"of":[7,14,54,119,149],"various":[8],"ages;":[9],"however,":[10],"in":[11],"the":[12,52,117,121,132,146],"process":[13],"obtaining":[15],"a":[16,33,48,93,103,111,125,174],"US":[17,105],"image,":[18,153,171],"speckle":[19,24,34,43,55,62,108,191],"noise":[20,25,35,44,56,109,134,148,161,192],"is":[21,38,90,128,142,177],"generated.":[22],"The":[23,87,113,186],"inhibits":[26],"physicians":[27],"from":[28,162],"accurately":[29],"examining":[30],"lesions;":[31],"thus,":[32],"removal":[36],"method":[37],"essential":[39],"technology.":[40],"To":[41],"enhance":[42],"elimination,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"novel":[49],"algorithm":[50,188],"using":[51,72],"characteristics":[53],"and":[57,80,155,167,182,194],"filtering":[58,78,85],"methods":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"reducing":[63],"anisotropic":[64],"diffusion":[65],"(SRAD)":[66],"filtering,":[67],"discrete":[68],"wavelet":[69,114],"transform":[70],"(DWT)":[71],"symmetry":[73],"characteristics,":[74],"weighted":[75],"guided":[76,83],"image":[77,84,106,176],"(WGIF),":[79],"gradient":[81],"domain":[82,115],"(GDGIF).":[86],"SRAD":[88,151],"filter":[89,95],"exploited":[91,158],"as":[92,197],"preprocessing":[94],"because":[96],"it":[97],"be":[99],"directly":[100],"applied":[101],"to":[102,130,144,159],"medical":[104],"containing":[107],"without":[110],"log-compression.":[112],"has":[116],"advantage":[118],"suppressing":[120],"additive":[122,136],"noise.":[123,137],"Therefore,":[124],"homomorphic":[126],"transformation":[127],"utilized":[129],"convert":[131],"multiplicative":[133],"into":[135],"After":[138],"two-level":[139],"DWT":[140,181],"decomposition":[141],"applied,":[143],"suppress":[145],"residual":[147],"an":[150,183],"filtered":[152],"GDGIF":[154],"WGIF":[156],"are":[157],"reduce":[160],"seven":[163],"high-frequency":[164],"sub-band":[165,170],"images":[166],"one":[168],"low-frequency":[169],"respectively.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"noise-free":[175],"attained":[178],"through":[179],"inverse":[180],"exponential":[184],"transform.":[185],"proposed":[187],"exhibits":[189],"excellent":[190],"elimination":[193],"edge":[195],"conservation":[196],"compared":[198],"with":[199],"conventional":[200],"denoising":[201],"methods.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
