{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3032203820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060883","title":"Investigating on the Iconic Gas Compositions Produced by Low-Temperature Heating Cotton","display_name":"Investigating on the Iconic Gas Compositions Produced by Low-Temperature Heating Cotton","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3032203820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060883","mag":"3032203820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12060883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060883","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/883/pdf?version=1590758380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/883/pdf?version=1590758380","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100637925","display_name":"Hetao Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4081-4255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hetao Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Deep Geodrilling Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Deep Geodrilling Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049251334","display_name":"Jingdong Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingdong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428705","display_name":"Huaijun Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-9420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huaijun Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Deep Geodrilling Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Deep Geodrilling Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088572200","display_name":"Jiake Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-1841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiake Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034234896","display_name":"Jingru Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingru Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101428705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I3125743391"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.7647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70007225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"883","last_page":"883"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11360","display_name":"Flame retardant materials and properties","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermogravimetric-analysis","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","score":0.765231728553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane","display_name":"Methane","score":0.6532200574874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-chromatography","display_name":"Gas chromatography","score":0.5635184645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide","display_name":"Carbon monoxide","score":0.5603572130203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","score":0.4513210654258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coke","display_name":"Coke","score":0.4502120912075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen","display_name":"Hydrogen","score":0.44098782539367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.4188055396080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.36168617010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3573101758956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.3493172526359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulp-and-paper-industry","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","score":0.33597543835639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysis","display_name":"Catalysis","score":0.15305942296981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.1375073790550232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.765231728553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.6532200574874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123460561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677065","display_name":"Gas chromatography","level":2,"score":0.5635184645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512735826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025","display_name":"Carbon monoxide","level":3,"score":0.5603572130203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.4513210654258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192795","display_name":"Coke","level":2,"score":0.4502120912075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.44098782539367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4188055396080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.36168617010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3573101758956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3493172526359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.33597543835639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.15305942296981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.1375073790550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12060883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060883","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/883/pdf?version=1590758380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e56b1039443c48d1be4074b2194875d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e56b1039443c48d1be4074b2194875d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 883 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/6/883/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12060883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12060883","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/6/883/pdf?version=1590758380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032203820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032203820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W769149412","https://openalex.org/W1963823611","https://openalex.org/W1967213537","https://openalex.org/W1967831774","https://openalex.org/W1980419262","https://openalex.org/W1990303239","https://openalex.org/W2025977091","https://openalex.org/W2033018420","https://openalex.org/W2044872954","https://openalex.org/W2063595262","https://openalex.org/W2094916625","https://openalex.org/W2111405578","https://openalex.org/W2119968683","https://openalex.org/W2492051430","https://openalex.org/W2606814858","https://openalex.org/W2771355271","https://openalex.org/W2794879341","https://openalex.org/W2893873291","https://openalex.org/W2945899964","https://openalex.org/W2964802247","https://openalex.org/W3015181727","https://openalex.org/W4248767987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380538106","https://openalex.org/W2076799169","https://openalex.org/W1765072828","https://openalex.org/W2025276268","https://openalex.org/W3145683475","https://openalex.org/W2749648603","https://openalex.org/W2212421097","https://openalex.org/W3198667051","https://openalex.org/W2417272753","https://openalex.org/W2387588150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,211],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"at":[3,53,116,124,131],"achieving":[4],"the":[5,9,15,18,46,77,80,94,97,100,120,137,144,157,166,170,179,182,192,198,219],"generation":[6,86,102,121],"laws":[7],"of":[8,17,79,84,96,103,122,162,169,197,224],"iconic":[10,158],"gas":[11,38,51,159],"compositions":[12,160],"produced":[13,47],"during":[14,136],"process":[16],"cotton":[19,31,89,98,225],"smoldering.":[20],"A":[21],"mini":[22],"tube":[23],"furnace":[24],"was":[25,42,71],"used":[26,176,189],"to":[27,44,61,75,177,190],"heat":[28],"a":[29,37,65],"long-staple":[30],"sample":[32],"from":[33,58],"Xinjiang,":[34],"China,":[35],"and":[36,49,114,119,134,150,172,181,184,222],"chromatography-mass":[39],"spectrometer":[40],"(GC/MS)":[41],"applied":[43],"analyze":[45],"organic":[48],"inorganic":[50],"composition":[52],"different":[54],"low":[55,105],"temperatures":[56],"ranging":[57],"95":[59,125],"\u00b0C":[60],"185":[62],"\u00b0C.":[63],"Besides,":[64],"thermogravimetric":[66,199],"experiment":[67,200],"under":[68],"air":[69],"atmosphere":[70],"done":[72],"in":[73],"order":[74],"verify":[76],"correctness":[78],"inferences.":[81],"The":[82,140,195],"pathways":[83],"product":[85],"by":[87],"heating":[88,138],"were":[90],"set":[91],"forth,":[92],"including":[93],"depolymerization":[95],"cellulose,":[99],"sequential":[101],"coke,":[104],"molecular":[106],"weight":[107],"products,":[108],"long":[109],"chain":[110],"carboxylic":[111],"acids,":[112],"levoglucosenone,":[113],"acetone":[115,183],"125":[117],"\u00b0C,":[118,126,133],"hydrogen":[123,173],"carbon":[127,129,185],"dioxide,":[128],"monoxide":[130,186],"145":[132],"methane":[135,171],"process.":[139],"results":[141,196],"showed":[142],"that":[143,207],"alkanes,":[145],"furans,":[146],"alkenes,":[147],"aldehydes,":[148],"hydrazines,":[149],"acids":[151],"could":[152,174,187],"not":[153],"be":[154,175,188],"regarded":[155],"as":[156],"because":[161],"their":[163],"little":[164],"proportion,":[165],"joint":[167],"detection":[168],"predicate":[178],"smoldering,":[180],"confirm":[191],"smoldering":[193],"stage.":[194],"are":[201,209],"consistent":[202],"with":[203],"theoretical":[204],"analysis,":[205],"indicating":[206],"analyses":[208],"reliable.":[210],"work":[212],"will":[213],"provide":[214],"significant":[215],"practice":[216],"foundation":[217],"for":[218],"early":[220],"warning":[221],"prevention":[223],"fires.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}