{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3026605166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050866","title":"A Machine-Learning-Based Approach to Predict the Health Impacts of Commuting in Large Cities: Case Study of London","display_name":"A Machine-Learning-Based Approach to Predict the Health Impacts of Commuting in Large Cities: Case Study of London","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3026605166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050866","mag":"3026605166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12050866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050866","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/866/pdf?version=1590399659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/866/pdf?version=1590399659","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005352769","display_name":"Madhav Raj Theeng Tamang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhav Raj Theeng Tamang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, ACE, UEL, University Way, London E16 2RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, ACE, UEL, University Way, London E16 2RD, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070246091","display_name":"Mhd Saeed Sharif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-8049"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mhd Saeed Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, ACE, UEL, University Way, London E16 2RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-8049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, ACE, UEL, University Way, London E16 2RD, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044675135","display_name":"Ali H. Al\u2010Bayatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-1258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali H. Al-Bayatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, CEM, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-1258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, CEM, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062789926","display_name":"Ahmed S. Alfakeeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-2782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Alfakeeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Systems, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Systems, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077737158","display_name":"Alhuseen Omar Alsayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-799X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alhuseen Omar Alsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Systems, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-799X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Systems, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070246091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.5263,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69618075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"866","last_page":"866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9347000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6392609477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5582684278488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5514526963233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5400418043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5397374033927917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4278780519962311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22208037972450256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6392609477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5582684278488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5514526963233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5400418043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5397374033927917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4278780519962311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22208037972450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12050866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050866","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/866/pdf?version=1590399659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0280858c47a343ddad32d0ba1bb4adc2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0280858c47a343ddad32d0ba1bb4adc2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 866 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/19691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/19691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/5/866/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12050866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050866","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/866/pdf?version=1590399659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3026605166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3026605166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W852649835","https://openalex.org/W1545059455","https://openalex.org/W1981710544","https://openalex.org/W1985541164","https://openalex.org/W1986274225","https://openalex.org/W2020571458","https://openalex.org/W2030414968","https://openalex.org/W2052972380","https://openalex.org/W2087675143","https://openalex.org/W2106689299","https://openalex.org/W2114143149","https://openalex.org/W2119557624","https://openalex.org/W2122338287","https://openalex.org/W2130859147","https://openalex.org/W2148905283","https://openalex.org/W2154197756","https://openalex.org/W2167595278","https://openalex.org/W2171076513","https://openalex.org/W2242806667","https://openalex.org/W2538955677","https://openalex.org/W2582359858","https://openalex.org/W2588518577","https://openalex.org/W2885185690","https://openalex.org/W2917127491","https://openalex.org/W2922181508","https://openalex.org/W2926287779","https://openalex.org/W3008157977","https://openalex.org/W4292994367","https://openalex.org/W6685147788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,160],"daily":[1],"commute":[2],"represents":[3],"a":[4,122,128],"source":[5],"of":[6,33,44,87,130,139,210,221,240],"chronic":[7],"stress":[8],"that":[9,154,166],"is":[10,36],"positively":[11],"correlated":[12],"with":[13],"physiological":[14,42],"consequences,":[15],"including":[16],"increased":[17],"blood":[18,181],"pressure,":[19],"heart":[20],"rate,":[21],"fatigue,":[22],"and":[23,27,39,70,82,98,135,180,201,205,233],"other":[24],"negative":[25],"mental":[26],"physical":[28],"health":[29],"effects.":[30],"purpose":[32],"this":[34,163,211],"research":[35,125],"to":[37,93,133,148,215],"investigate":[38],"predict":[40,134],"the":[41,50,60,72,85,95,137,150,156,168,190,194,199,206,216,219,235],"effects":[43],"commuting":[45,140,169,222],"in":[46,90,158,213],"Greater":[47],"London":[48],"on":[49,54,112,223],"human":[51],"body":[52],"based":[53],"machine-learning":[55,131],"approaches.":[56],"For":[57],"each":[58],"participant,":[59],"data":[61],"were":[62,183],"collected":[63],"for":[64,102,230],"five":[65],"consecutive":[66],"working":[67],"days,":[68],"before":[69],"after":[71],"commute,":[73],"using":[74,234],"non-invasive":[75],"wearable":[76],"biosensor":[77],"technology.":[78],"Multimodal":[79],"behaviour,":[80],"analysis":[81,108],"synthesis":[83],"are":[84,116],"subjects":[86],"major":[88],"efforts":[89],"computing":[91],"field":[92],"realise":[94],"successful":[96],"human\u2013human":[97],"human\u2013agent":[99],"interactions,":[100],"especially":[101],"developing":[103],"future":[104],"intuitive":[105],"technologies.":[106],"Current":[107],"approaches":[109,132],"still":[110],"focus":[111],"individuals,":[113],"while":[114],"we":[115],"considering":[117],"methodologies":[118],"addressing":[119],"groups":[120],"as":[121],"whole.":[123],"This":[124],"paper":[126],"employs":[127],"pool":[129],"analyse":[136],"effect":[138,220],"objectively.":[141],"Comprehensive":[142],"experimentation":[143],"has":[144],"been":[145],"carried":[146],"out":[147],"choose":[149],"best":[151],"algorithmic":[152],"structure":[153],"suit":[155],"problem":[157],"question.":[159],"results":[161,191],"from":[162,198],"study":[164,212],"suggest":[165],"whether":[167],"period":[170],"was":[171],"short":[172],"or":[173,237],"long,":[174],"all":[175],"objective":[176,208],"bio-signals":[177],"(heat":[178],"rate":[179],"pressure)":[182],"higher":[184],"post-commute":[185],"than":[186],"pre-commute.":[187],"In":[188],"addition,":[189],"match":[192],"both":[193],"subjective":[195],"evaluation":[196,209],"obtained":[197],"Positive":[200],"Negative":[202],"Affect":[203],"Schedule":[204],"proposed":[207],"relation":[214],"correlation":[217],"between":[218],"bio-signals.":[224],"Our":[225],"findings":[226],"provide":[227],"further":[228],"support":[229],"shorter":[231],"commutes":[232],"healthier":[236],"active":[238],"modes":[239],"transportation.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}