{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021535206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050748","title":"Compressive Sensing Based Three-Dimensional Imaging Method with Electro-Optic Modulation for Nonscanning Laser Radar","display_name":"Compressive Sensing Based Three-Dimensional Imaging Method with Electro-Optic Modulation for Nonscanning Laser Radar","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021535206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050748","mag":"3021535206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12050748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/748/pdf?version=1588751904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/748/pdf?version=1588751904","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103118707","display_name":"Yulong An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9798-1137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635693","display_name":"Yanmei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-2077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanmei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064873358","display_name":"Haichao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-1188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haichao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Science and Technology on Space Microwave Laboratory, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Space Microwave Laboratory, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378497","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-9951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100635693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80777096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"748","last_page":"748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.696545422077179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6838493347167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.6830863356590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5646994113922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.48743394017219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45346322655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4343753159046173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3983660042285919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38838422298431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1723403036594391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10442999005317688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.696545422077179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6838493347167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.6830863356590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5646994113922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.48743394017219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45346322655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4343753159046173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3983660042285919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38838422298431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1723403036594391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10442999005317688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12050748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/748/pdf?version=1588751904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48a560749a0d4652a7d4ccc112caf20d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48a560749a0d4652a7d4ccc112caf20d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 748 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/5/748/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12050748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/5/748/pdf?version=1588751904","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59557121","https://openalex.org/W1967298123","https://openalex.org/W1967789464","https://openalex.org/W1968059871","https://openalex.org/W1985453570","https://openalex.org/W2001380973","https://openalex.org/W2003258022","https://openalex.org/W2024235615","https://openalex.org/W2067125603","https://openalex.org/W2082652639","https://openalex.org/W2093422746","https://openalex.org/W2095349984","https://openalex.org/W2106407813","https://openalex.org/W2112818869","https://openalex.org/W2119667497","https://openalex.org/W2122548617","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2160403306","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2208253826","https://openalex.org/W2253335976","https://openalex.org/W2291054886","https://openalex.org/W2296616510","https://openalex.org/W2395494562","https://openalex.org/W2564492967","https://openalex.org/W2587649600","https://openalex.org/W2734545110","https://openalex.org/W2734673943","https://openalex.org/W2757543442","https://openalex.org/W2768447392","https://openalex.org/W2771004519","https://openalex.org/W2776171217","https://openalex.org/W2790709083","https://openalex.org/W2791614686","https://openalex.org/W2793783688","https://openalex.org/W2801380557","https://openalex.org/W2886688927","https://openalex.org/W2905459276","https://openalex.org/W2911758003","https://openalex.org/W2916627070","https://openalex.org/W2921743964","https://openalex.org/W2944404014","https://openalex.org/W3098774756","https://openalex.org/W3100226402","https://openalex.org/W3104392924","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W6673918201","https://openalex.org/W6684379799","https://openalex.org/W6746776145","https://openalex.org/W6747075977","https://openalex.org/W6760433353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W1969901537","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W2486104965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-cost":[0],"Laser":[1],"Detection":[2],"and":[3,20,38,52,75,98,143,179,206],"Ranging":[4],"(LiDAR)":[5],"is":[6,32,42,84,137,148,177],"crucial":[7],"to":[8,86],"three-dimensional":[9],"(3D)":[10],"imaging":[11,67,116,171],"in":[12,44,186],"applications":[13,200],"such":[14,58],"as":[15],"remote":[16],"sensing,":[17],"target":[18],"detection,":[19],"machine":[21],"vision.":[22],"In":[23,78],"conventional":[24,184],"nonscanning":[25,64],"time-of-flight":[26],"(TOF)":[27],"LiDAR,":[28],"the":[29,39,45,88,92,99,110,140,144,155],"intensity":[30,93],"map":[31,41,87],"obtained":[33],"by":[34,109,128,150],"a":[35,63,151],"detector":[36],"array":[37],"depth":[40],"measured":[43],"time":[46],"domain":[47],"which":[48],"requires":[49],"costly":[50],"sensors":[51],"short":[53],"laser":[54,66],"pulses.":[55],"To":[56],"overcome":[57],"limitations,":[59],"this":[60,79],"paper":[61],"presents":[62],"3D":[65,115,170],"method":[68,158,176,193],"that":[69,125,173],"combines":[70],"compressive":[71],"sensing":[72],"(CS)":[73],"techniques":[74],"electro-optic":[76,82],"modulation.":[77],"novel":[80,192],"scheme,":[81],"modulation":[83],"applied":[85],"range":[89],"information":[90],"into":[91],"of":[94,101,159,203],"echo":[95],"pulses":[96],"symmetrically":[97],"measurements":[100],"pattern":[102],"projection":[103],"with":[104,188,201],"symmetrical":[105],"structure":[106,208],"are":[107,126],"received":[108],"low":[111,204],"bandwidth":[112],"detector.":[113],"The":[114,163],"can":[117],"be":[118,195],"extracted":[119],"from":[120],"two":[121],"gain":[122],"modulated":[123],"images":[124],"recovered":[127],"solving":[129],"underdetermined":[130],"inverse":[131],"problems.":[132],"An":[133],"integrated":[134],"regularization":[135],"model":[136,147],"proposed":[138,152,175],"for":[139,169,198],"recovery":[141],"problems":[142],"minimization":[145],"functional":[146],"solved":[149],"algorithm":[153],"applying":[154],"alternating":[156],"direction":[157],"multiplier":[160],"(ADMM)":[161],"technique.":[162],"simulation":[164],"results":[165],"on":[166],"various":[167],"subrates":[168],"indicate":[172],"our":[174],"feasible":[178],"achieves":[180],"performance":[181],"improvement":[182],"over":[183],"methods":[185],"systems":[187],"hardware":[189],"limitations.":[190],"This":[191],"will":[194],"highly":[196],"valuable":[197],"practical":[199],"advantages":[202],"cost":[205],"flexible":[207],"at":[209],"wavelengths":[210],"beyond":[211],"visible":[212],"spectrum.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}