{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014191901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040561","title":"A New Dataset and Deep Residual Spectral Spatial Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"A New Dataset and Deep Residual Spectral Spatial Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014191901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040561","mag":"3014191901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12040561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040561","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/561/pdf?version=1586060539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/561/pdf?version=1586060539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012766424","display_name":"Yiming Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-3868"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, ShangDa road 99, Shanghai 200444, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, ShangDa road 99, Shanghai 200444, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023724461","display_name":"Dan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1300-1769"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, ShangDa road 99, Shanghai 200444, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, ShangDa road 99, Shanghai 200444, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007687433","display_name":"Fansheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-8327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fansheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YuTian road 500, Shanghai 200083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YuTian road 500, Shanghai 200083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741369","display_name":"Yueming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YuTian road 500, Shanghai 200083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YuTian road 500, Shanghai 200083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696203","display_name":"Zhijiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7699-0747"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, ShangDa road 99, Shanghai 200444, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, ShangDa road 99, Shanghai 200444, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023724461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81132661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"561","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9559000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.772559642791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7129429578781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7126284241676331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7083292007446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6775171160697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6616365909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5254009366035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4777861535549164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4525949954986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.41960012912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35452669858932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11980640888214111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.772559642791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7129429578781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7126284241676331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7083292007446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6775171160697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6616365909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5254009366035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4777861535549164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4525949954986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.41960012912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35452669858932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11980640888214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12040561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040561","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/561/pdf?version=1586060539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d78ab2a2a1f422693c399155faa4f7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d78ab2a2a1f422693c399155faa4f7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 561 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/4/561/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12040561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040561","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/561/pdf?version=1586060539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1779615517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014191901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014191901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982427174","https://openalex.org/W2022470997","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2039409148","https://openalex.org/W2059497048","https://openalex.org/W2067869061","https://openalex.org/W2097900616","https://openalex.org/W2101711129","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2103094532","https://openalex.org/W2104269704","https://openalex.org/W2134601045","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2275445006","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2431048240","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2532852010","https://openalex.org/W2562461367","https://openalex.org/W2587782381","https://openalex.org/W2603834682","https://openalex.org/W2736279234","https://openalex.org/W2745252301","https://openalex.org/W2754507318","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2767805377","https://openalex.org/W2772452219","https://openalex.org/W2941387379","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W6681096077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W2490526372","https://openalex.org/W4376166922","https://openalex.org/W4378510483","https://openalex.org/W2990636717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,64,69,133,141,170,176],"the":[2,14,74,171],"limited":[3],"varieties":[4],"and":[5,40,53,79,94,152,186],"sizes":[6,149],"of":[7,82,99,173],"existing":[8,86],"public":[9],"hyperspectral":[10],"image":[11],"(HSI)":[12],"datasets,":[13],"classification":[15,90,110],"accuracies":[16],"are":[17,43,91],"higher":[18],"than":[19],"99%":[20],"with":[21,136,200],"convolutional":[22],"neural":[23],"networks":[24],"(CNNs).":[25],"In":[26,139],"this":[27,104],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,106,156],"presented":[30],"a":[31,49,54,158],"new":[32],"HSI":[33,84,89,109],"dataset":[34,189],"named":[35,112,163],"Shandong":[36],"Feicheng,":[37],"whose":[38],"size":[39],"pixel":[41],"quantity":[42,81],"much":[44],"larger.":[45],"It":[46],"also":[47],"has":[48],"larger":[50],"intra-class":[51],"variance":[52],"smaller":[55],"inter-class":[56],"variance.":[57],"State-of-the-art":[58],"methods":[59],"were":[60],"compared":[61,199],"on":[62,182],"it":[63],"verify":[65],"its":[66],"diversity.":[67],"Otherwise,":[68],"reduce":[70],"overfitting":[71],"caused":[72,145],"by":[73,146],"imbalance":[75],"between":[76,150],"high":[77],"dimension":[78],"small":[80],"labeled":[83],"data,":[85],"CNNs":[87],"for":[88],"relatively":[92],"shallow":[93],"suffer":[95],"from":[96],"low":[97],"capacity":[98],"feature":[100],"learning.":[101],"To":[102],"solve":[103],"problem,":[105],"proposed":[107,157,188,193],"an":[108,126],"framework":[111],"deep":[113],"residual":[114],"spectral":[115],"spatial":[116],"setwork":[117],"(DRSSN).":[118],"By":[119],"using":[120],"shortcut":[121],"connection":[122],"structure,":[123,128],"which":[124,167],"is":[125],"asymmetry":[127],"DRSSN":[129],"can":[130],"be":[131],"deeper":[132],"extract":[134],"features":[135],"better":[137],"discrimination.":[138],"addition,":[140],"alleviate":[142],"insufficient":[143],"training":[144,160],"unbalanced":[147],"sample":[148,164],"easily":[151],"hard":[153],"classified":[154],"samples,":[155],"novel":[159],"loss":[161],"function":[162],"balanced":[165],"loss,":[166],"allocated":[168],"weights":[169],"losses":[172],"samples":[174],"according":[175],"their":[177],"prediction":[178],"confidence.":[179],"Experimental":[180],"results":[181,198],"two":[183],"popular":[184],"datasets":[185],"our":[187,192],"showed":[190],"that":[191],"network":[194],"could":[195],"provide":[196],"competitive":[197],"state-of-the-art":[201],"methods.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
