{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014764066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040501","title":"Parallel Spatial-Data Conversion Engine: Enabling Fast Sharing of Massive Geospatial Data","display_name":"Parallel Spatial-Data Conversion Engine: Enabling Fast Sharing of Massive Geospatial Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014764066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040501","mag":"3014764066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12040501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040501","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/501/pdf?version=1585730114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/501/pdf?version=1585730114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328881","display_name":"Shuai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-6404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135837","display_name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/03r10zj06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4210135837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135837","https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010577970","display_name":"Manchun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-9007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manchun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086116798","display_name":"Zhenjie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-8470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-8470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074123573","display_name":"Tao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3934-1649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102022317","display_name":"Sumin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-2746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336572","display_name":"Wenbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0464-6955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135175","display_name":"Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/044wmmj34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135175"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0464-6955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416523","display_name":"Yun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-6985"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086116798","https://openalex.org/A5100416523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.4559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59589891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"501","last_page":"501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.9153027534484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8315215110778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5732911825180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-database","display_name":"Spatial database","score":0.5656324028968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.49683240056037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4863482117652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.45467644929885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45384448766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3569697141647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.09961137175559998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.9153027534484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8315215110778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5732911825180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203689450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial database","level":3,"score":0.5656324028968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.49683240056037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4863482117652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.45467644929885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45384448766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3569697141647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.09961137175559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12040501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040501","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/501/pdf?version=1585730114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e428894fe5b843449bb8bee74db356cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e428894fe5b843449bb8bee74db356cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 501 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/4/501/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12040501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040501","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/501/pdf?version=1585730114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3202798909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014764066.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25273192","https://openalex.org/W1515572008","https://openalex.org/W1519247641","https://openalex.org/W1548849615","https://openalex.org/W1977984281","https://openalex.org/W2000372053","https://openalex.org/W2001703222","https://openalex.org/W2010267600","https://openalex.org/W2024133018","https://openalex.org/W2044575796","https://openalex.org/W2045034287","https://openalex.org/W2048334348","https://openalex.org/W2048645911","https://openalex.org/W2051265785","https://openalex.org/W2056195835","https://openalex.org/W2056676175","https://openalex.org/W2073616258","https://openalex.org/W2088897443","https://openalex.org/W2160694201","https://openalex.org/W2380212160","https://openalex.org/W2548753368","https://openalex.org/W2737350917","https://openalex.org/W2901504064","https://openalex.org/W2963097326","https://openalex.org/W2982628450","https://openalex.org/W4238128010","https://openalex.org/W4255279193","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601011654","https://openalex.org/W6656412885","https://openalex.org/W6664592985","https://openalex.org/W6722888852","https://openalex.org/W6742010599","https://openalex.org/W7065016438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3155483442","https://openalex.org/W4214818710","https://openalex.org/W4296970743","https://openalex.org/W4205665237","https://openalex.org/W2365031108","https://openalex.org/W4401575149","https://openalex.org/W4281688633","https://openalex.org/W3027702097","https://openalex.org/W1985100943","https://openalex.org/W4251016002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"geospatial":[1,18,36,50,147],"data":[2,12,19,37,60,68,109,148,155],"have":[3],"accumulated":[4],"worldwide":[5],"in":[6,16,22,33,93,124,151,157,165],"the":[7,23,29,34,78,118,125,139,152,158,175],"past":[8],"decades.":[9],"However,":[10,52],"various":[11,30],"formats":[13],"often":[14],"result":[15],"a":[17,43,65,73,166,178],"sharing":[20,49,80],"problem":[21],"geographical":[24],"information":[25],"system":[26,169],"community.":[27],"Despite":[28],"methodologies":[31,54],"proposed":[32],"past,":[35],"conversion":[38,69],"has":[39,177],"always":[40],"served":[41],"as":[42,59],"fundamental":[44],"and":[45,96,99,105,131,142],"efficient":[46,79],"way":[47],"of":[48,81,103],"data.":[51],"these":[53],"are":[55,149],"beginning":[56],"to":[57,76,127,137],"fail":[58],"increase.":[61],"This":[62,89],"study":[63],"proposes":[64],"parallel":[66,167],"spatial":[67,108,154,187],"engine":[70,90,140],"(PSCE)":[71],"with":[72,185],"symmetric":[74],"mechanism":[75],"achieve":[77],"massive":[82,186],"geodata":[83],"by":[84],"utilizing":[85],"high-performance":[86],"computing":[87,120],"technology.":[88],"is":[91,122,135],"designed":[92],"an":[94],"extendable":[95],"flexible":[97],"framework":[98,126,141],"can":[100,182],"customize":[101],"methods":[102],"reading":[104],"writing":[106],"particular":[107],"formats.":[110],"A":[111],"dynamic":[112],"task":[113],"scheduling":[114],"strategy":[115],"based":[116],"on":[117],"feature":[119],"index":[121],"introduced":[123],"improve":[128],"load":[129],"balancing":[130],"performance.":[132,143],"An":[133],"experiment":[134],"performed":[136],"validate":[138],"In":[144],"this":[145],"experiment,":[146],"stored":[150],"vector":[153],"defined":[156],"Chinese":[159],"Geospatial":[160],"Data":[161],"Transfer":[162],"Format":[163],"Standard":[164],"file":[168],"(Lustre":[170],"Cluster).":[171],"Results":[172],"show":[173],"that":[174,181],"PSCE":[176],"reliable":[179],"architecture":[180],"quickly":[183],"cope":[184],"datasets.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}