{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009396111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030416","title":"Mathematical Modelling of Ground Truth Image for 3D Microscopic Objects Using Cascade of Convolutional Neural Networks Optimized with Parameters\u2019 Combinations Generators","display_name":"Mathematical Modelling of Ground Truth Image for 3D Microscopic Objects Using Cascade of Convolutional Neural Networks Optimized with Parameters\u2019 Combinations Generators","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009396111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030416","mag":"3009396111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12030416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030416","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/416/pdf?version=1585142362","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/416/pdf?version=1585142362","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018361811","display_name":"Omar Bilalovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-9963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104817121","display_name":"University of Sarajevo","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwgd43","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar Bilalovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-9963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051240793","display_name":"Zikrija Avdagi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-2699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104817121","display_name":"University of Sarajevo","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwgd43","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zikrija Avdagic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-2699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025625847","display_name":"Samir Omanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-7180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104817121","display_name":"University of Sarajevo","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwgd43","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Omanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016409272","display_name":"Ingmar Be\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-570X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104817121","display_name":"University of Sarajevo","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwgd43","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingmar Besic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089003155","display_name":"Vedad Letic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104817121","display_name":"University of Sarajevo","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwgd43","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vedad Letic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042995991","display_name":"Christophe Tatout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5215-2338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Tatout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018361811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104817121"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.2259,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72538826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"416","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7832930088043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7589058876037598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.7522598505020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6982964873313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5842945575714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5694993734359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.48897063732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.4505208730697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.42729824781417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42648908495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3316596448421478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7832930088043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7589058876037598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.7522598505020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6982964873313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5842945575714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5694993734359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48897063732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.4505208730697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42729824781417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42648908495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3316596448421478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12030416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030416","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/416/pdf?version=1585142362","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:687e8e5afe91466984376c74217d81ac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/687e8e5afe91466984376c74217d81ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 416 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/3/416/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12030416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030416","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/416/pdf?version=1585142362","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325391","display_name":"Federalno Ministarstvo Obrazovanja i Nauke","ror":"https://ror.org/0355d0s55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009396111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009396111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1159302035","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W2008411978","https://openalex.org/W2012071815","https://openalex.org/W2019793504","https://openalex.org/W2027985498","https://openalex.org/W2030644393","https://openalex.org/W2033403400","https://openalex.org/W2060403232","https://openalex.org/W2082526668","https://openalex.org/W2107554012","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2116877738","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2136825928","https://openalex.org/W2142916759","https://openalex.org/W2147728748","https://openalex.org/W2152632881","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2167279371","https://openalex.org/W2167510172","https://openalex.org/W2310300023","https://openalex.org/W2313289912","https://openalex.org/W2329826697","https://openalex.org/W2499316477","https://openalex.org/W2521803624","https://openalex.org/W2562616459","https://openalex.org/W2567699853","https://openalex.org/W2614949728","https://openalex.org/W2711672883","https://openalex.org/W2744103196","https://openalex.org/W2756055575","https://openalex.org/W2766987560","https://openalex.org/W2768673271","https://openalex.org/W2790432037","https://openalex.org/W2790729248","https://openalex.org/W2790916948","https://openalex.org/W2796672611","https://openalex.org/W2888612993","https://openalex.org/W2907274850","https://openalex.org/W2907754651","https://openalex.org/W2910904027","https://openalex.org/W2917942747","https://openalex.org/W2944582100","https://openalex.org/W2948730236","https://openalex.org/W2952222533","https://openalex.org/W2961894151","https://openalex.org/W2961912654","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2972892520","https://openalex.org/W2980471673","https://openalex.org/W3098917838","https://openalex.org/W3100420029","https://openalex.org/W3105265400","https://openalex.org/W4235169531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2000169967","https://openalex.org/W1997160662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mathematical":[0],"modelling":[1],"to":[2,77,151,189],"compute":[3],"ground":[4,193],"truth":[5,194],"from":[6,18,81],"3D":[7,78,85,104,117,195],"images":[8,83],"is":[9,56,89],"an":[10],"area":[11],"of":[12,34,43,49,67,72,84,100,109,114,187],"research":[13],"that":[14,63,94,174],"can":[15,45],"strongly":[16],"benefit":[17],"machine":[19],"learning":[20],"methods.":[21],"Deep":[22],"neural":[23,37],"networks":[24,38],"(DNNs)":[25],"are":[26,123,147,161],"state-of-the-art":[27],"methods":[28],"design":[29],"for":[30,106,119,156],"solving":[31],"these":[32],"kinds":[33],"difficulties.":[35],"Convolutional":[36],"(CNNs),":[39],"as":[40,142],"one":[41],"class":[42],"DNNs,":[44],"overcome":[46],"special":[47],"requirements":[48],"quantitative":[50],"analysis":[51],"especially":[52],"when":[53],"image":[54,79],"segmentation":[55,80,177],"needed.":[57],"This":[58],"article":[59],"presents":[60],"a":[61,65],"system":[62,88],"uses":[64],"cascade":[66],"CNNs":[68,111,121,175,188],"with":[69],"symmetric":[70],"blocks":[71],"layers":[73],"in":[74,96,149],"chain,":[75],"dedicated":[76],"microscopic":[82],"nuclei.":[86],"The":[87],"designed":[90],"through":[91],"eight":[92],"experiments":[93],"differ":[95],"following":[97],"aspects:":[98],"number":[99,113],"training":[101,154],"slices":[102,115],"and":[103,112,116,129,135,145,167,180],"samples":[105,118],"training,":[107],"usage":[108],"pre-trained":[110],"validation.":[120],"parameters":[122,160],"optimized":[124],"using":[125],"linear,":[126],"brute":[127],"force,":[128],"random":[130],"combinatorics,":[131],"followed":[132],"by":[133,163],"voter":[134],"median":[136],"operations.":[137],"Data":[138],"augmentation":[139],"techniques":[140],"such":[141],"reflection,":[143],"translation":[144],"rotation":[146],"used":[148],"order":[150],"produce":[152],"sufficient":[153],"set":[155],"CNNs.":[157],"Optimal":[158],"CNN":[159],"reached":[162],"defining":[164],"11":[165],"standard":[166],"two":[168],"proposed":[169],"metrics.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"benchmarking":[172],"demonstrates":[173],"improve":[176],"accuracy,":[178,183],"reliability":[179],"increased":[181],"annotation":[182],"confirming":[184],"the":[185],"relevance":[186],"generate":[190],"high-throughput":[191],"mathematical":[192],"images.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
