{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010495518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030414","title":"Comparison of Three Availability Systems with Warm Standby Components, Detection Delay, and General Repair Times","display_name":"Comparison of Three Availability Systems with Warm Standby Components, Detection Delay, and General Repair Times","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010495518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030414","mag":"3010495518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12030414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030414","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/414/pdf?version=1585136189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/414/pdf?version=1585136189","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022727891","display_name":"Tseng\u2010Chang Yen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tseng-Chang Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017082072","display_name":"Wu\u2010Lin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-1126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177918364","display_name":"Providence University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcpsq87","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wu-Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076704999","display_name":"Kuo-Hsiung Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-9477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Hsiung Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017082072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.1637,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45695839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"414","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erlang","display_name":"Erlang (programming language)","score":0.9190483689308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6059113144874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-distribution","display_name":"Exponential distribution","score":0.5547974109649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.5317505598068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5099929571151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.49309250712394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erlang-distribution","display_name":"Erlang distribution","score":0.44785386323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.357140451669693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32268476486206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2832023799419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09532737731933594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82484044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334879","display_name":"Erlang (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.9190483689308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6059113144874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55350006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237193","display_name":"Exponential distribution","level":2,"score":0.5547974109649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.5317505598068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5099929571151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.49309250712394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145437242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762448","display_name":"Erlang distribution","level":3,"score":0.44785386323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.357140451669693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32268476486206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2832023799419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09532737731933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42383842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193076","display_name":"Functional programming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12030414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030414","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/414/pdf?version=1585136189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:632b7270625542fbbfe76284a9e4d8a0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/632b7270625542fbbfe76284a9e4d8a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 414 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.nchu.edu.tw:11455/100217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11455/100217","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/3/414/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12030414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030414","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/414/pdf?version=1585136189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010495518.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010495518.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970073375","https://openalex.org/W1973794329","https://openalex.org/W1986165346","https://openalex.org/W2013783114","https://openalex.org/W2020580250","https://openalex.org/W2024802457","https://openalex.org/W2038835491","https://openalex.org/W2047903704","https://openalex.org/W2067930288","https://openalex.org/W2080536029","https://openalex.org/W2084546635","https://openalex.org/W2086191073","https://openalex.org/W2092410083","https://openalex.org/W2103071636","https://openalex.org/W2125490337","https://openalex.org/W2792117517","https://openalex.org/W4231909024","https://openalex.org/W6642577204","https://openalex.org/W6653921301","https://openalex.org/W6655554582","https://openalex.org/W6656526807","https://openalex.org/W6667255921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594392289","https://openalex.org/W4380886430","https://openalex.org/W2322385984","https://openalex.org/W4327524501","https://openalex.org/W2162800547","https://openalex.org/W2613997428","https://openalex.org/W830184964","https://openalex.org/W2102235500","https://openalex.org/W2171382235","https://openalex.org/W2010553376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,45],"study":[1,46],"analyzes":[2],"three":[3,63,72,95,103,117],"availability":[4,61,78,111],"systems":[5,73,96,104],"with":[6],"warm":[7],"standby":[8],"units,":[9],"fault":[10],"detection":[11,36],"delay,":[12],"and":[13,20,31,112,125],"general":[14,32],"repair":[15,21,119],"times.":[16],"The":[17,35,88,102],"failure":[18],"times":[19,22,38],"of":[23,76,93],"failed":[24],"components":[25],"were":[26,39,105],"assumed":[27,40],"to":[28,41,52,84],"follow":[29],"exponential":[30],"distributions,":[33],"respectively.":[34],"delay":[37],"be":[42],"exponentially":[43],"distributed.":[44],"exploited":[47],"the":[48,59,85,94,98,109,113,116,128],"supplementary":[49],"variable":[50],"technique":[51],"develop":[53],"a":[54],"recursive":[55],"method":[56],"for":[57,62,115],"deriving":[58],"steady-state":[60],"systems.":[64],"By":[65],"using":[66],"extensive":[67],"numerical":[68],"computations,":[69],"we":[70],"compared":[71],"in":[74],"terms":[75],"system":[77,86,110,131],"based":[79,107],"on":[80,108],"specific":[81],"values":[82],"given":[83],"parameters.":[87],"state":[89],"transition":[90],"rate":[91],"diagrams":[92],"revealed":[97],"symmetry":[99],"property":[100],"approximately.":[101],"ranked":[106],"cost/benefit":[114],"various":[118],"time":[120],"distributions:":[121],"exponential,":[122],"three-stage":[123],"Erlang,":[124],"deterministic,":[126],"where":[127],"benefit":[129],"was":[130],"availability.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
