{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003575856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020196","title":"Research on Rotorcraft Blade Tip Vortex Identification and Motion Characteristics in Hovering State","display_name":"Research on Rotorcraft Blade Tip Vortex Identification and Motion Characteristics in Hovering State","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003575856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020196","mag":"3003575856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12020196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020196","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/196/pdf?version=1580624886","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/196/pdf?version=1580624886","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074894750","display_name":"Hai Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102345215","display_name":"Xihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwtvf26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hai Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China","Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China","School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-8987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075841550","display_name":"Wenjie Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102345215","display_name":"Xihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwtvf26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657025","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1149-9257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102345215","display_name":"Xihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwtvf26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378300","display_name":"Wenjing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-8859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102345215","display_name":"Xihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwtvf26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103952208","display_name":"Mingqi Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381054","display_name":"Weiguo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiguo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089445782","display_name":"Min Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-912X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074894750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215","https://openalex.org/I2802505932"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.5396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59031309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"196","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10944","display_name":"Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vortex","display_name":"Vortex","score":0.8587304949760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.682488203048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vorticity","display_name":"Vorticity","score":0.648288905620575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.597922682762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horseshoe-vortex","display_name":"Horseshoe vortex","score":0.567108690738678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-image-velocimetry","display_name":"Particle image velocimetry","score":0.5097417235374451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starting-vortex","display_name":"Starting vortex","score":0.504332423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vortex-ring","display_name":"Vortex ring","score":0.48843875527381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blade-element-theory","display_name":"Blade element theory","score":0.41260504722595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.4118335247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.34281665086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.10083818435668945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140820882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722","display_name":"Vortex","level":2,"score":0.8587304949760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.682488203048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200114574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143513","display_name":"Vorticity","level":3,"score":0.648288905620575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.597922682762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176738000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027589","display_name":"Horseshoe vortex","level":4,"score":0.567108690738678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207857233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756248","display_name":"Particle image velocimetry","level":3,"score":0.5097417235374451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141069875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602602","display_name":"Starting vortex","level":4,"score":0.504332423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168475990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030571","display_name":"Vortex ring","level":3,"score":0.48843875527381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55589367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2561707","display_name":"Blade element theory","level":3,"score":0.41260504722595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4118335247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.34281665086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.10083818435668945}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12020196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020196","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/196/pdf?version=1580624886","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87a555a9612c41589a785465828b9187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87a555a9612c41589a785465828b9187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 196 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12020196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020196","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/196/pdf?version=1580624886","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7545714637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51806181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8849659699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18ZA0458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322970","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322970","display_name":"Education Department of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05s1c4z27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003575856.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979176272","https://openalex.org/W1984553110","https://openalex.org/W1984586361","https://openalex.org/W1988712927","https://openalex.org/W1988743838","https://openalex.org/W2014142989","https://openalex.org/W2021764461","https://openalex.org/W2033781024","https://openalex.org/W2044804267","https://openalex.org/W2081051321","https://openalex.org/W2118413530","https://openalex.org/W2131537960","https://openalex.org/W2158082510","https://openalex.org/W2414075883","https://openalex.org/W2470482253","https://openalex.org/W2728956317","https://openalex.org/W2772575325","https://openalex.org/W2792788289","https://openalex.org/W2884168518","https://openalex.org/W2908656697","https://openalex.org/W2916501278","https://openalex.org/W2922379284","https://openalex.org/W2925563367","https://openalex.org/W2951417961","https://openalex.org/W2971300080","https://openalex.org/W2995803810","https://openalex.org/W3106160237","https://openalex.org/W3174609647","https://openalex.org/W3211982021","https://openalex.org/W6803543237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281677094","https://openalex.org/W1984849204","https://openalex.org/W2660802634","https://openalex.org/W2090666965","https://openalex.org/W2055713622","https://openalex.org/W4400125674","https://openalex.org/W4390789266","https://openalex.org/W2666319928","https://openalex.org/W2183515140","https://openalex.org/W2380314402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115],"rotorcraft":[1],"blade":[2,9,53,123,130,169],"tip":[3,10,54,131,170],"vortex":[4,55,107,110,132,171,180,189,194,210,214],"rolled":[5],"up":[6],"by":[7],"the":[8,12,32,38,47,50,57,61,64,71,75,96,104,120,126,137,146,150,153,160,165,168,188,197,209],"when":[11],"rotor":[13,76,151],"rotates":[14],"at":[15,77,164],"high":[16],"speed":[17,81],"will":[18,26],"produce":[19],"a":[20,78,85,202],"complex":[21],"induced":[22],"velocity":[23],"field,":[24,98],"which":[25],"have":[27,183],"an":[28],"important":[29],"impact":[30],"on":[31,49,95,106],"aerodynamic":[33],"load":[34],"and":[35,56,90,101,109,136,159,205,213],"performance":[36],"of":[37,52,60,74,88,122,129,149],"rotor.":[39],"For":[40],"this":[41,43],"reason,":[42],"paper":[44],"carries":[45],"out":[46],"research":[48,105],"identification":[51,108,181,195],"motion":[58,111,124],"characteristics":[59,112],"vortex.":[62],"Through":[63],"time-resolved":[65],"particle":[66],"image":[67],"velocimetry":[68],"(TR-PIV)":[69],"experiment,":[70],"flow":[72],"field":[73],"fixed":[79],"rotate":[80],"(2100":[82],"r/min)":[83],"with":[84,119,192],"collective":[86,147],"pitch":[87,148],"6\u00b0":[89],"9\u00b0":[91],"was":[92],"obtained.":[93],"Based":[94],"vorticity":[97],"Q":[99],"criterion,":[100,103],"\u03a9":[102,198],"are":[113],"realized.":[114],"results":[116,176],"show":[117,177],"that":[118,178],"increase":[121],"azimuth,":[125],"radial":[127,154],"position":[128,139],"gradually":[133],"contracts":[134],"inward":[135],"axial":[138,161],"moves":[140],"downward":[141],"in":[142,187],"hovering":[143],"state.":[144],"As":[145],"increases,":[152,163],"contraction":[155],"becomes":[156],"more":[157],"obvious,":[158],"displacement":[162],"same":[166],"time,":[167],"intensity":[172],"increases.":[173],"Comparative":[174],"study":[175],"different":[179],"methods":[182],"obtained":[184],"certain":[185],"deviations":[186],"center.":[190],"Compared":[191],"other":[193],"methods,":[196],"criterion":[199],"method":[200],"has":[201],"smaller":[203],"deviation":[204],"can":[206],"accurately":[207],"identify":[208],"core":[211],"radius":[212],"boundary.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}