{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948204802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11060757","title":"Heat Transfer of Oil/MWCNT Nanofluid Jet Injection Inside a Rectangular Microchannel","display_name":"Heat Transfer of Oil/MWCNT Nanofluid Jet Injection Inside a Rectangular Microchannel","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948204802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11060757","mag":"2948204802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11060757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11060757","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/6/757/pdf?version=1561542542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/6/757/pdf?version=1561542542","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057997976","display_name":"Esmaeil Jalali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esmaeil Jalali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091414716","display_name":"Omid Ali Akbari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360687","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Khomeynishahr","ror":"https://ror.org/01qskrs45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I2799360687"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Ali Akbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109385789","display_name":"M.M. Sarafraz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M. Sarafraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Energy Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-0216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Energy Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102230705","display_name":"Tehseen Abbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147796","display_name":"University of Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/04eps4h65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147796"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5100685","display_name":"University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/052z7nw84","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5100685"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tehseen Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147796","https://openalex.org/I5100685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027804062","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Safaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7301-2561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Safaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7301-2561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027804062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":6.5205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97517086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"757","last_page":"757"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid","display_name":"Nanofluid","score":0.8523014783859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nusselt-number","display_name":"Nusselt number","score":0.8421335220336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7167569398880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.6468616127967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laminar-flow","display_name":"Laminar flow","score":0.6191789507865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.5329217910766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jet","display_name":"Jet (fluid)","score":0.47260692715644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Fluid dynamics","score":0.46795666217803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-number","display_name":"Reynolds number","score":0.46687763929367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-layer","display_name":"Boundary layer","score":0.46253612637519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microchannel","display_name":"Microchannel","score":0.46166378259658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-of-fluid-method","display_name":"Volume of fluid method","score":0.4567613899707794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-enhancement","display_name":"Heat transfer enhancement","score":0.4558504819869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.45184090733528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slip","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","score":0.410403847694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-coefficient","display_name":"Heat transfer coefficient","score":0.20686808228492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.19229942560195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.094763845205307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08036413788795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.07269024848937988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.8523014783859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130230704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898280","display_name":"Nusselt number","level":4,"score":0.8421335220336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7167569398880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6468616127967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189452","display_name":"Laminar flow","level":2,"score":0.6191789507865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5329217910766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119947313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596635","display_name":"Jet (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.47260692715644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90278072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.46795666217803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.46687763929367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.46253612637519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63662833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839341","display_name":"Microchannel","level":2,"score":0.46166378259658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127210992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291887","display_name":"Volume of fluid method","level":3,"score":0.4567613899707794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777777821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111513","display_name":"Heat transfer enhancement","level":4,"score":0.4558504819869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.45184090733528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195268267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928883","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.410403847694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29700514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340","display_name":"Heat transfer coefficient","level":3,"score":0.20686808228492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19229942560195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.094763845205307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08036413788795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.07269024848937988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11060757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11060757","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/6/757/pdf?version=1561542542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/120743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060757","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1c9e24e8687448e9d95c240443dd87b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1c9e24e8687448e9d95c240443dd87b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 757 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30142871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20700568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Heat_transfer_of_oil_MWCNT_nanofluid_jet_injection_inside_a_rectangular_microchannel/20700568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11060757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11060757","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/6/757/pdf?version=1561542542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948204802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948204802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W918277184","https://openalex.org/W1976247260","https://openalex.org/W1983717374","https://openalex.org/W1996373652","https://openalex.org/W1997985983","https://openalex.org/W2014453294","https://openalex.org/W2019623834","https://openalex.org/W2023349328","https://openalex.org/W2047837878","https://openalex.org/W2056607203","https://openalex.org/W2071608198","https://openalex.org/W2081191292","https://openalex.org/W2127554012","https://openalex.org/W2128714429","https://openalex.org/W2140046728","https://openalex.org/W2150324330","https://openalex.org/W2190904865","https://openalex.org/W2276913209","https://openalex.org/W2284353185","https://openalex.org/W2437393101","https://openalex.org/W2472655198","https://openalex.org/W2507320796","https://openalex.org/W2517318374","https://openalex.org/W2573510748","https://openalex.org/W2593568821","https://openalex.org/W2604250292","https://openalex.org/W2606232190","https://openalex.org/W2621188764","https://openalex.org/W2627063079","https://openalex.org/W2769255529","https://openalex.org/W2774673709","https://openalex.org/W2805493708","https://openalex.org/W6694924819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886903305","https://openalex.org/W2754636322","https://openalex.org/W3150003624","https://openalex.org/W1938556690","https://openalex.org/W2809186558","https://openalex.org/W3005225185","https://openalex.org/W4387013174","https://openalex.org/W3088124760","https://openalex.org/W2468856243","https://openalex.org/W1796492347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,42,94,114,119,125,142,146,149,154,158,191,194],"current":[2],"study,":[3],"laminar":[4],"heat":[5,80],"transfer":[6],"and":[7,25,64,66,90,137,157,178],"direct":[8],"fluid":[9,84,115,127,159,171],"jet":[10,85,106,187],"injection":[11,86,163],"of":[12,36,45,148,193],"oil/MWCNT":[13],"nanofluid":[14],"were":[15,32,61,70],"numerically":[16],"investigated":[17],"with":[18,87,109,128,164],"a":[19,49],"finite":[20],"volume":[21,68,130,144],"method.":[22],"Both":[23],"slip":[24,59],"no-slip":[26],"boundary":[27,111,195],"conditions":[28],"on":[29],"solid":[30,122],"walls":[31,47],"used.":[33],"The":[34,72],"objective":[35],"this":[37],"study":[38],"was":[39,184],"to":[40,57,93,101,153,168],"increase":[41],"cooling":[43],"performance":[44],"heated":[46,150],"inside":[48],"rectangular":[50],"microchannel.":[51],"Reynolds":[52],"numbers":[53],"ranged":[54],"from":[55],"10":[56],"50;":[58],"coefficients":[60],"0.0,":[62],"0.04,":[63],"0.08;":[65],"nanoparticle":[67,143],"fractions":[69,131],"0\u20134%.":[71],"results":[73,100],"showed":[74],"that":[75],"using":[76],"techniques":[77],"for":[78,98],"improving":[79],"transfer,":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"low":[88],"temperature":[89,135,147,160],"adding":[91],"nanoparticles":[92,123],"base":[95,126],"fluid,":[96],"allowed":[97],"good":[99],"be":[102],"obtained.":[103],"By":[104,140],"increasing":[105,141],"injection,":[107],"areas":[108],"eliminated":[110],"layers":[112],"along":[113],"direction":[116],"spread":[117],"in":[118,124,133,174,186],"domain.":[120],"Dispersing":[121],"higher":[129,165,170,175,185],"resulted":[132,173],"better":[134],"distribution":[136],"Nusselt":[138,176],"number.":[139],"fraction,":[145],"surface":[151],"penetrated":[152],"flow":[155],"centerline":[156],"increased.":[161],"Jet":[162],"velocity,":[166],"due":[167],"its":[169],"momentum,":[172],"number":[177],"affected":[179],"lateral":[180],"areas.":[181],"Fluid":[182],"velocity":[183],"areas,":[188],"which":[189],"diminished":[190],"effect":[192],"layer.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
