{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944350488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050663","title":"Irreversibility Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Thin Needle with Effects of Energy Dissipation","display_name":"Irreversibility Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Thin Needle with Effects of Energy Dissipation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944350488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050663","mag":"2944350488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11050663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/5/663/pdf?version=1558956371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/5/663/pdf?version=1558956371","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012574487","display_name":"Muhammad Idrees Afridi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-5980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Idrees Afridi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 455000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 455000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102708546","display_name":"Iskander Tlili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-9902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195631090","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Tlili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016584984","display_name":"Marjan Goodarzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-0593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marjan Goodarzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-0593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041689394","display_name":"M.S. Osman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5783-0940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195631090","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia","Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering Mataria, Helwan University, Cairo El-Mataria 11724, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering Mataria, Helwan University, Cairo El-Mataria 11724, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089035498","display_name":"Najeeb Alam Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-0658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najeeb Alam Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016584984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":4.5834,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95391355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"663","last_page":"663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid","display_name":"Nanofluid","score":0.9915971159934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6677602529525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.5179230570793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionless-quantity","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","score":0.5168797969818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.47273552417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.44504427909851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.44234171509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4314655661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2835765480995178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.9915971159934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6677602529525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5179230570793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126818","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","level":2,"score":0.5168797969818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.47273552417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.44504427909851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.44234171509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4314655661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2835765480995178}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11050663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/5/663/pdf?version=1558956371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c338869c1bf4e4baf72b87ec019b5fa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c338869c1bf4e4baf72b87ec019b5fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 663 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11050663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/5/663/pdf?version=1558956371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324553","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944350488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944350488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981087141","https://openalex.org/W2005855784","https://openalex.org/W2015676963","https://openalex.org/W2032399386","https://openalex.org/W2088749537","https://openalex.org/W2093717036","https://openalex.org/W2102693005","https://openalex.org/W2104980824","https://openalex.org/W2139742397","https://openalex.org/W2285351548","https://openalex.org/W2288391505","https://openalex.org/W2466295450","https://openalex.org/W2496185330","https://openalex.org/W2594085977","https://openalex.org/W2594912861","https://openalex.org/W2611944885","https://openalex.org/W2614952877","https://openalex.org/W2759259623","https://openalex.org/W2764153995","https://openalex.org/W2773624240","https://openalex.org/W2797026897","https://openalex.org/W2800389131","https://openalex.org/W2801504806","https://openalex.org/W2805030633","https://openalex.org/W2885719839","https://openalex.org/W2889244662","https://openalex.org/W2891670432","https://openalex.org/W2892936129","https://openalex.org/W2893817804","https://openalex.org/W2894788158","https://openalex.org/W2900354364","https://openalex.org/W2902184238","https://openalex.org/W2903175969","https://openalex.org/W2903962466","https://openalex.org/W2905275270","https://openalex.org/W2912343298","https://openalex.org/W2913022015","https://openalex.org/W2913962882","https://openalex.org/W2979562792","https://openalex.org/W4246010750","https://openalex.org/W6744652049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886903305","https://openalex.org/W2754636322","https://openalex.org/W3150003624","https://openalex.org/W1938556690","https://openalex.org/W2809186558","https://openalex.org/W3005225185","https://openalex.org/W4387013174","https://openalex.org/W4384501983","https://openalex.org/W2332149593","https://openalex.org/W1985308025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,59,80,119,135,152,174,199,235],"flow":[1,202],"and":[2,19,55,89,106,116,166,245,251],"heat":[3],"transfer":[4],"analysis":[5,49,175],"in":[6,37,53,74,92,163,171,219],"the":[7,38,47,75,83,86,90,93,107,123,130,145,159,164,178,185,189,195,209,213,217,220,224,232],"conventional":[8,54],"nanofluid":[9,21,57,65,201,211,226],"A":[10,25],"l":[11,26],"2":[12,17,27,32],"O":[13,18,28,33],"3":[14,29],"\u2212":[15,24,30],"H":[16,31],"hybrid":[20,56,200,225],"C":[22],"u":[23],"was":[34,140,206,227],"carried":[35],"out":[36],"present":[39,42,153],"study.":[40],"work":[43],"also":[44,141],"focused":[45],"on":[46,241],"comparative":[48],"of":[50,61,64,77,85,122,149,180,188,223,237],"entropy":[51,181,246],"generation":[52,182,247],"flow.":[58],"flows":[60],"both":[62],"types":[63],"were":[66,97,110,126,156,167],"assumed":[67],"to":[68,99,143,158,169,194,208,231],"be":[69,100,170],"over":[70],"a":[71],"thin":[72,87,190],"needle":[73,88,191],"presence":[76],"thermal":[78,114],"dissipation.":[79],"temperature":[81,221,243],"at":[82],"surface":[84],"fluid":[91],"free":[94,196],"stream":[95,197],"region":[96],"supposed":[98],"constant.":[101],"Modified":[102],"Maxwell":[103],"Garnet":[104],"(MMG)":[105],"Brinkman":[108],"model":[109],"utilized":[111],"for":[112],"effective":[113],"conductivity":[115],"dynamic":[117],"viscosity.":[118],"numerical":[120,154],"solutions":[121],"self-similar":[124],"equations":[125],"obtained":[127],"by":[128],"using":[129],"Runge-Kutta":[131],"Fehlberg":[132],"scheme":[133],"(RKFS).":[134],"Matlab":[136],"in-built":[137],"solver":[138],"bvp4c":[139],"used":[142],"solve":[144],"nonlinear":[146],"dimensionless":[147],"system":[148],"differential":[150],"equations.":[151],"results":[155],"compared":[157,193,207,230],"existing":[160],"limiting":[161],"outcomes":[162],"literature":[165],"found":[168],"excellent":[172],"agreement.":[173],"demonstrated":[176],"that":[177],"rate":[179],"reduced":[183],"with":[184,203],"decreasing":[186],"velocity":[187,205],"as":[192,229],"velocity.":[198],"less":[204],"regular":[210,233],"under":[212],"same":[214],"circumstances.":[215],"Furthermore,":[216],"enhancement":[218],"profile":[222],"high":[228],"nanofluid.":[234],"influences":[236],"relevant":[238],"physical":[239],"parameters":[240],"flow,":[242],"distribution,":[244],"are":[248],"depicted":[249],"graphically":[250],"discussed":[252],"herein.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}