{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915822615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030308","title":"Optimal Decision in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain under Potential Information Leakage","display_name":"Optimal Decision in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain under Potential Information Leakage","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915822615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030308","mag":"2915822615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11030308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/308/pdf?version=1551432714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/308/pdf?version=1551432714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007691529","display_name":"Debin Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-8358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debin Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086150527","display_name":"Qiyu Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiyu Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086150527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.3362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92258951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"308","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.6882576942443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-asymmetry","display_name":"Information asymmetry","score":0.5920830368995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5916983485221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.5779934525489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-selection","display_name":"Adverse selection","score":0.577788770198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5047165155410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49863767623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.46899938583374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-risk-management","display_name":"Supply chain risk management","score":0.4522765278816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.43939143419265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.42386460304260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-management","display_name":"Supply chain management","score":0.4179246425628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4152572751045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-management","display_name":"Service management","score":0.3789623975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35230404138565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3405475318431854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2348802089691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1223142147064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09386566281318665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.6882576942443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137577040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431965","display_name":"Information asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.5920830368995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5916983485221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.5779934525489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32252159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380037","display_name":"Adverse selection","level":2,"score":0.577788770198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5047165155410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49863767623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.46899938583374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192639820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114469","display_name":"Supply chain risk management","level":5,"score":0.4522765278816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.43939143419265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.42386460304260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.4179246425628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4152572751045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48840187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689042","display_name":"Service management","level":4,"score":0.3789623975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35230404138565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3405475318431854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2348802089691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1223142147064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09386566281318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11030308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/308/pdf?version=1551432714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:636d2f5200f64322883d28996f0b0353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/636d2f5200f64322883d28996f0b0353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 308 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/11/3/308/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11030308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/308/pdf?version=1551432714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1443267316","display_name":"\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4fe1\u606f\u7535\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u6fc0\u52b1\u6027\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71673210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2681577853","display_name":"\u6f9c\u6ca7\u6c5f\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"91647119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7652020088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71725007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915822615.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191368212","https://openalex.org/W1930131435","https://openalex.org/W1963833123","https://openalex.org/W1980800922","https://openalex.org/W2015549764","https://openalex.org/W2024159717","https://openalex.org/W2029112727","https://openalex.org/W2032120310","https://openalex.org/W2039377699","https://openalex.org/W2039540176","https://openalex.org/W2039770840","https://openalex.org/W2040608175","https://openalex.org/W2053123023","https://openalex.org/W2055509715","https://openalex.org/W2055923955","https://openalex.org/W2058222909","https://openalex.org/W2060291530","https://openalex.org/W2062458707","https://openalex.org/W2078273039","https://openalex.org/W2088700312","https://openalex.org/W2106640161","https://openalex.org/W2123906306","https://openalex.org/W2126741666","https://openalex.org/W2166980581","https://openalex.org/W2182054636","https://openalex.org/W2339224254","https://openalex.org/W2553196092","https://openalex.org/W2898590550","https://openalex.org/W2909973365","https://openalex.org/W3121318218","https://openalex.org/W3122135500","https://openalex.org/W6640350840","https://openalex.org/W6678405025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591230998","https://openalex.org/W2348627368","https://openalex.org/W2389651150","https://openalex.org/W2381961784","https://openalex.org/W2389175257","https://openalex.org/W2388090699","https://openalex.org/W2385139215","https://openalex.org/W3000273033","https://openalex.org/W4390274025","https://openalex.org/W1584652649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,109,131],"growing":[1],"tendency":[2],"for":[3,172,209],"suppliers":[4],"to":[5,18,22,50,156,178,191],"encroach":[6],"on":[7,29,75,118],"the":[8,13,51,54,59,67,71,76,81,87,104,138,144,149,151,158,173,193,200],"retailers\u2019":[9,88],"market":[10,128],"has":[11],"forced":[12],"retailers,":[14],"being":[15],"independent":[16],"entities,":[17],"distort":[19],"shared":[20],"information":[21,25,31,36,61,78,136,159,163,166,211],"maintain":[23,157],"their":[24],"superiority.":[26],"Previous":[27],"studies":[28],"asymmetric":[30,135],"assumed":[32],"that":[33,39,134],"retailers":[34],"share":[35],"truthfully":[37],"or":[38],"demand":[40,99,107,120,145],"satisfies":[41],"a":[42,92,186],"two-point":[43],"distribution,":[44],"which":[45,102,116],"does":[46],"not":[47,169],"always":[48,170],"conform":[49],"reality":[52],"of":[53,70,80],"dual-channel":[55,82,201],"supply":[56,83,124,139,202],"chain.":[57,84],"Considering":[58],"potential":[60,162],"leakage":[62],"problem,":[63],"this":[64],"paper":[65],"studied":[66],"optimal":[68],"strategies":[69],"participants":[72,198],"and":[73,127,165,185,207],"focused":[74],"strategic":[77],"management":[79,141],"By":[85],"introducing":[86],"adverse":[89,179],"selection":[90,180],"behavior,":[91],"sequential":[93],"game":[94],"model":[95],"under":[96,161],"general":[97],"uncertain":[98],"was":[100,114,147,168],"established,":[101],"replaced":[103],"classic":[105],"high-low":[106],"model.":[108,194],"perfect":[110],"Bayesian":[111],"Nash":[112],"equilibrium":[113],"characterized,":[115],"depended":[117],"stochastic":[119],"disturbance,":[121],"product":[122],"heterogeneity,":[123],"chain":[125,140,203],"structure,":[126],"investigation":[129],"cost.":[130],"results":[132],"showed":[133],"made":[137],"inefficient.":[142],"When":[143],"disturbance":[146],"within":[148],"threshold,":[150],"retailer":[152],"distorted":[153],"order":[154],"quantity":[155],"advantage":[160],"leakage,":[164],"acquisition":[167],"good":[171],"retailer\u2014in":[174],"some":[175],"cases":[176],"due":[177],"problems.":[181],"A":[182],"numerical":[183],"example":[184],"sensitivity":[187],"analysis":[188],"were":[189],"done":[190],"validate":[192],"Our":[195],"work":[196],"provides":[197],"in":[199],"with":[204],"decision-making":[205],"support":[206],"direction":[208],"improving":[210],"management.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}