{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917416298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030298","title":"Analysis of Open Source Operating System Evolution: A Perspective from Package Dependency Network Motif","display_name":"Analysis of Open Source Operating System Evolution: A Perspective from Package Dependency Network Motif","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917416298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030298","mag":"2917416298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11030298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030298","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/298/pdf?version=1551255377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/298/pdf?version=1551255377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075176228","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109971761","display_name":"Youguo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0695-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youguo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034435564","display_name":"Yusong Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-5679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusong Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013388007","display_name":"Qingbo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-2265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingbo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103838859","display_name":"Quanyuan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanyuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075176228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01805461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"298","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6715368032455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.6049471497535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.5965800285339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.5473868250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-system","display_name":"Open system (computing)","score":0.5397248268127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5200121402740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5085824728012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extant-taxon","display_name":"Extant taxon","score":0.5056295394897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motif","display_name":"Motif (music)","score":0.4593648314476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.446635901927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4315893352031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2759612798690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.19431915879249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1182107925415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.09922546148300171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6715368032455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.6049471497535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.5965800285339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.5473868250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163677043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382874","display_name":"Open system (computing)","level":3,"score":0.5397248268127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5200121402740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5085824728012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.5056295394897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32276052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908349","display_name":"Motif (music)","level":2,"score":0.4593648314476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.446635901927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4315893352031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2759612798690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.19431915879249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1182107925415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.09922546148300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11030298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030298","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/298/pdf?version=1551255377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfd6495eee0444a2bb0b3249f3653797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfd6495eee0444a2bb0b3249f3653797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 298 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11030298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030298","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/298/pdf?version=1551255377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G363439180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1003602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G855077678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917416298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917416298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837977878","https://openalex.org/W1981949323","https://openalex.org/W1986084763","https://openalex.org/W1995907191","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2029173860","https://openalex.org/W2057680921","https://openalex.org/W2067674876","https://openalex.org/W2110699703","https://openalex.org/W2153624566","https://openalex.org/W2163480486","https://openalex.org/W2395593080","https://openalex.org/W2470861207","https://openalex.org/W2503488842","https://openalex.org/W2589119856","https://openalex.org/W2619391514","https://openalex.org/W2789041387","https://openalex.org/W3100861760","https://openalex.org/W3102454444","https://openalex.org/W4293651439","https://openalex.org/W6744557953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137772153","https://openalex.org/W1838610867","https://openalex.org/W4312622767","https://openalex.org/W2103526356","https://openalex.org/W2164183816","https://openalex.org/W1980601824","https://openalex.org/W91382638","https://openalex.org/W2915599431","https://openalex.org/W2110708457","https://openalex.org/W2061144526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complexity":[0],"of":[1,10,29,50,70,87,100,137,151,155,170],"open":[2,30,101,138],"source":[3,31,52,102,139],"operating":[4,32,103,141],"systems":[5,142],"constantly":[6],"increase":[7],"on":[8],"account":[9],"their":[11,145],"widespread":[12],"application.":[13],"It":[14],"is":[15,35,42,63,115],"increasingly":[16],"difficult":[17],"to":[18,58,91,97,125],"understand":[19],"the":[20,25,51,85,149,152],"collaboration":[21],"between":[22],"components":[23],"in":[24,84,112,118,179],"system.":[26,76,181],"Extant":[27],"research":[28,82,121],"system":[33],"evolution":[34,99,169],"mainly":[36],"achieved":[37],"by":[38,44],"Lehman\u2019s":[39],"law,":[40],"which":[41,55,158],"conducted":[43],"analyzing":[45],"characteristics":[46],"such":[47,122],"as":[48,123,162,173,175],"line":[49],"code.":[53],"Networks,":[54],"are":[56],"utilized":[57],"demonstrate":[59],"relationships":[60],"among":[61],"entities,":[62],"an":[64],"adequate":[65],"model":[66],"for":[67,95],"exploring":[68],"cooperation":[69],"units":[71],"that":[72,109,180],"form":[73],"a":[74,81,92,106,113,163,167],"software":[75,88,133,140],"Software":[77],"network":[78,136],"has":[79],"become":[80],"hotspot":[83],"field":[86],"engineering,":[89],"leading":[90],"new":[93],"viewpoint":[94],"us":[96],"estimate":[98],"systems.":[104],"Motif,":[105],"connected":[107],"subgraph":[108],"occurs":[110],"frequently":[111],"network,":[114],"extensively":[116],"used":[117],"other":[119],"scientific":[120],"bioscience":[124],"detect":[126],"evolutionary":[127,146],"rules.":[128],"Thus,":[129],"this":[130],"paper":[131],"constructs":[132],"package":[134],"dependency":[135],"and":[143],"investigates":[144],"discipline":[147],"from":[148],"perspective":[150],"motif.":[153],"Results":[154],"our":[156],"experiments,":[157],"took":[159],"Ubuntu":[160],"Kylin":[161],"study":[164],"example,":[165],"indicate":[166],"stable":[168],"motif":[171],"change":[172],"well":[174],"discovering":[176],"structural":[177],"defect":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}