{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914500721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11020176","title":"Detecting Word-Based Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Semantic Analysis","display_name":"Detecting Word-Based Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Semantic Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914500721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11020176","mag":"2914500721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11020176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11020176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/2/176/pdf?version=1550656544","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/2/176/pdf?version=1550656544","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044954452","display_name":"Luhui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-6801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luhui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064502956","display_name":"Jiangtao Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8557-9899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangtao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359503","display_name":"Weiwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077994211","display_name":"Xiaopeng Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-4626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048188687","display_name":"Huiwen Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-6977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiwen Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062243742","display_name":"Guangjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4729-7406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080275149","display_name":"Yuewei Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-9257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuewei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062243742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.3364,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92737323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"176","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8190691471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5534083843231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.5522459149360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.5500959157943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5485315322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.543502926826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.48086339235305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3443719744682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.23538529872894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12061884999275208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8190691471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5534083843231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.5522459149360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.5500959157943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5485315322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.543502926826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.48086339235305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3443719744682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.23538529872894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12061884999275208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11020176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11020176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/2/176/pdf?version=1550656544","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb6e1c9aa84b434fb984b7b66e7297fa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb6e1c9aa84b434fb984b7b66e7297fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 176 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/11/2/176/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11020176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11020176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/2/176/pdf?version=1550656544","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030376154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702356746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3689008901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30920140121006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3910829908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3947105006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. BK20160840","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4235328855","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5255919775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20150472","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5515644545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5857937431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20160840","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7435960157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30915012208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G756131443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7916807829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6160224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8274974907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8297849707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8527443877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8690485486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20160840","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8706806194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982426284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914500721.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914500721.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17316494","https://openalex.org/W1593239840","https://openalex.org/W1595868485","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1978400666","https://openalex.org/W1981294881","https://openalex.org/W1981617416","https://openalex.org/W1992787177","https://openalex.org/W2055234825","https://openalex.org/W2074021442","https://openalex.org/W2082550445","https://openalex.org/W2096810317","https://openalex.org/W2121412398","https://openalex.org/W2129984229","https://openalex.org/W2136495567","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2263865046","https://openalex.org/W2487301225","https://openalex.org/W2511761734","https://openalex.org/W2569115912","https://openalex.org/W2588126298","https://openalex.org/W2773671123","https://openalex.org/W3104846106","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4245267204","https://openalex.org/W4300388893","https://openalex.org/W6600692465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2929621094","https://openalex.org/W1996006176","https://openalex.org/W947140380","https://openalex.org/W4230884544","https://openalex.org/W4245453790","https://openalex.org/W3194985222","https://openalex.org/W3216571906","https://openalex.org/W4214830338","https://openalex.org/W2518587255","https://openalex.org/W4287599800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,76,136],"highly":[1],"sophisticated":[2],"network":[3,62],"attacks,":[4],"command-and-control":[5],"(C&C)":[6],"servers":[7],"always":[8],"use":[9],"domain":[10,29,208],"generation":[11],"algorithms":[12],"(DGAs)":[13],"to":[14,92,102],"dynamically":[15],"produce":[16],"several":[17],"candidate":[18],"domains":[19,33,100,127],"instead":[20],"of":[21,25,48,106,173,178,183],"static":[22],"hard-coded":[23],"lists":[24],"IP":[26],"addresses":[27],"or":[28,50,80,88],"names.":[30],"Distinguishing":[31],"the":[32,38,46,53,104,115,141,153,170,174,181,184,201,219],"generated":[34,99],"by":[35,168],"DGAs":[36,58,167,230],"from":[37,86,192,211],"legitimate":[39,108,207],"ones":[40],"is":[41],"critical":[42],"for":[43,165,228],"finding":[44],"out":[45,125],"existence":[47],"malware":[49],"further":[51],"locating":[52],"hidden":[54],"attackers.":[55],"The":[56,214],"word-based":[57,77,166,229],"disclosed":[59],"in":[60],"recent":[61],"attack":[63],"events":[64],"have":[65],"shown":[66],"significantly":[67,224],"stronger":[68],"stealthiness":[69],"when":[70,231],"compared":[71,232],"with":[72,204,233],"traditional":[73],"character-based":[74],"DGAs.":[75],"DGAs,":[78],"two":[79],"more":[81,89],"words":[82,175],"are":[83,155],"randomly":[84],"chosen":[85],"one":[87,117],"specific":[90],"dictionaries":[91],"form":[93],"a":[94,107,162],"dynamic":[95],"domain,":[96],"these":[97,126],"regularly":[98],"aim":[101],"mimic":[103],"characteristics":[105],"domain.":[109],"Existing":[110],"DGA":[111,236],"detection":[112,163,226,237],"schemes,":[113],"including":[114],"state-of-the-art":[116,235],"based":[118],"on":[119],"deep":[120],"learning,":[121],"still":[122],"cannot":[123],"find":[124],"accurately":[128],"while":[129],"maintaining":[130],"an":[131,188],"acceptable":[132],"false":[133],"alarm":[134],"rate.":[135],"this":[137],"study,":[138],"we":[139,160,199],"exploit":[140],"inter-word":[142],"and":[143,152,176,196,206],"inter-domain":[144],"correlations":[145],"using":[146],"semantic":[147],"analysis":[148],"approaches,":[149],"word":[150],"embedding":[151],"part-of-speech":[154,179],"taken":[156],"into":[157,180],"consideration.":[158],"Next,":[159],"propose":[161],"framework":[164],"incorporating":[169],"frequency":[171],"distribution":[172],"that":[177,218],"design":[182],"feature":[185],"set.":[186],"Using":[187],"ensemble":[189],"classifier":[190],"constructed":[191],"Naive":[193],"Bayes,":[194],"Extra-Trees,":[195],"Logistic":[197],"Regression,":[198],"benchmark":[200],"proposed":[202,220],"scheme":[203,221],"malicious":[205],"samples":[209],"extracted":[210],"public":[212],"datasets.":[213],"experimental":[215],"results":[216],"show":[217],"can":[222],"achieve":[223],"higher":[225],"accuracy":[227],"three":[234],"schemes.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}