{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910147042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010063","title":"Optimal Subsidies for Green Products: A Maximal Policy Benefit Perspective","display_name":"Optimal Subsidies for Green Products: A Maximal Policy Benefit Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910147042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010063","mag":"2910147042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11010063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/1/63/pdf?version=1547788615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/1/63/pdf?version=1547788615","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liming Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liming Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101455219","display_name":"Yanqing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-6199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101455219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":7.1031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96355509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"63","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidy","display_name":"Subsidy","score":0.9354592561721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.605032205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.5384106636047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.5338878035545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.47954365611076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.4592047333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.39691776037216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.380996435880661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.37302565574645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.29999423027038574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.9354592561721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.605032205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5384106636047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5338878035545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47954365611076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4592047333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39691776037216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.380996435880661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.37302565574645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.29999423027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11010063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/1/63/pdf?version=1547788615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3a975cc05354c3191c45530bb38e725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3a975cc05354c3191c45530bb38e725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 63 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/11/1/63/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11010063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym11010063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/1/63/pdf?version=1547788615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910147042.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1118278047","https://openalex.org/W1601682878","https://openalex.org/W1859237195","https://openalex.org/W1933920619","https://openalex.org/W1980679508","https://openalex.org/W1984495405","https://openalex.org/W1993274766","https://openalex.org/W1994321955","https://openalex.org/W1999574443","https://openalex.org/W2015288845","https://openalex.org/W2026816730","https://openalex.org/W2036057037","https://openalex.org/W2038671940","https://openalex.org/W2045987553","https://openalex.org/W2050256710","https://openalex.org/W2056368770","https://openalex.org/W2079059094","https://openalex.org/W2081176197","https://openalex.org/W2098090746","https://openalex.org/W2120286689","https://openalex.org/W2157399030","https://openalex.org/W2292424706","https://openalex.org/W2343982310","https://openalex.org/W2433216296","https://openalex.org/W2514683539","https://openalex.org/W2519518334","https://openalex.org/W2532061135","https://openalex.org/W2560508669","https://openalex.org/W2588809908","https://openalex.org/W2753942728","https://openalex.org/W2765382519","https://openalex.org/W2766725958","https://openalex.org/W2779977222","https://openalex.org/W2790057392","https://openalex.org/W2809080709","https://openalex.org/W2856768947","https://openalex.org/W6648771508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484657374","https://openalex.org/W2040599222","https://openalex.org/W4385829365","https://openalex.org/W2069194868","https://openalex.org/W246549337","https://openalex.org/W3121531574","https://openalex.org/W2050946006","https://openalex.org/W3122591485","https://openalex.org/W1577985456","https://openalex.org/W2053965941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Replacing":[0],"traditional":[1],"products":[2,5,61,79,100,184],"with":[3,173],"green":[4,38,50,60,78,99,160,183],"has":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,29,42,118],"key":[9],"way":[10],"to":[11,31,92,123,144,178],"achieve":[12,186],"decoupling":[13],"between":[14],"economic":[15],"development":[16,48,76,156,181,188],"and":[17,35,117,139,157,162,185],"environmental":[18,152],"pollution.":[19],"As":[20],"an":[21,174],"incentive":[22],"mechanism,":[23],"subsidies":[24],"can":[25],"be":[26],"provided":[27],"by":[28],"government":[30],"facilitate":[32],"the":[33,47,54,63,67,75,88,94,102,112,125,128,155,180],"popularization":[34],"acceptance":[36],"of":[37,49,65,77,104,127,159,182],"products.":[39,51],"Subsidies":[40],"play":[41],"significant":[43],"role":[44],"in":[45],"encouraging":[46],"We":[52],"explored":[53],"proper":[55],"optimal":[56,95,113],"subsidy":[57,96,114,146,167,176],"mechanism":[58],"for":[59,87,98],"from":[62,101],"angle":[64],"maximizing":[66],"net":[68,105],"policy":[69,106],"return,":[70],"which":[71],"cannot":[72],"only":[73],"encourage":[74],"but":[80],"also":[81],"do":[82],"not":[83],"aggravate":[84],"financial":[85],"burden":[86],"government.":[89],"In":[90],"order":[91],"explore":[93],"level":[97],"perspective":[103],"benefit":[107],"maximization,":[108],"this":[109],"paper":[110],"established":[111],"principal-agent":[115],"models":[116],"numerical":[119],"example":[120],"was":[121],"presented":[122],"verify":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"model":[129],"we":[130],"constructed.":[131],"The":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135],"improving":[136,150],"investors\u2019":[137],"preference":[138],"eliminating":[140],"asymmetric":[141],"information":[142],"contribute":[143],"reduce":[145,166],"cost":[147],"savings.":[148],"Additionally,":[149],"consumer":[151],"awareness,":[153],"promoting":[154],"application":[158],"technology,":[161],"reducing":[163],"market":[164],"risk":[165],"costs.":[168],"This":[169],"article":[170],"provides":[171],"policymakers":[172],"effective":[175],"scheme":[177],"accelerate":[179],"sustainable":[187],"goals.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}