{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902678597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120703","title":"Mechanical Behavior of Double-Arch Tunnels under the Effect of Voids on the Top of the Middle Wall","display_name":"Mechanical Behavior of Double-Arch Tunnels under the Effect of Voids on the Top of the Middle Wall","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902678597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120703","mag":"2902678597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10120703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/12/703/pdf?version=1543829385","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/12/703/pdf?version=1543829385","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070870751","display_name":"Bo Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-590X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437173","display_name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406108","display_name":"Chengping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052366273","display_name":"Yanping Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanping Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034016090","display_name":"Tengfei Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengfei Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101406108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.2489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91181163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"703","last_page":"703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arch","display_name":"Arch","score":0.7749142646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/void","display_name":"Void (composites)","score":0.7116000652313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6999877095222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.5520065426826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.5422298908233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-forces","display_name":"Internal forces","score":0.5346977114677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.4636949300765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-simulation","display_name":"Computer simulation","score":0.4241214990615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.4214325547218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.3912274241447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.30529749393463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28467386960983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13787716627120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05507814884185791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11312509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12277","display_name":"Arch","level":2,"score":0.7749142646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779772531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19689164","display_name":"Void (composites)","level":2,"score":0.7116000652313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6999877095222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5520065426826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5422298908233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986502102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291900","display_name":"Internal forces","level":2,"score":0.5346977114677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4636949300765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.4241214990615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4214325547218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3912274241447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.30529749393463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28467386960983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13787716627120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05507814884185791}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10120703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/12/703/pdf?version=1543829385","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:119635ea1c374156a91173f6e32d0563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/119635ea1c374156a91173f6e32d0563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 703 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/10/12/703/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10120703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10120703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/12/703/pdf?version=1543829385","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7444733867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8172037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7485997296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YJS146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963850692","https://openalex.org/W2001792554","https://openalex.org/W2022456922","https://openalex.org/W2027870999","https://openalex.org/W2035690102","https://openalex.org/W2039477859","https://openalex.org/W2090195192","https://openalex.org/W2281171132","https://openalex.org/W2380852860","https://openalex.org/W2512510778","https://openalex.org/W2549527082","https://openalex.org/W2601769403","https://openalex.org/W2750602168","https://openalex.org/W2767947190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351700194","https://openalex.org/W1813077521","https://openalex.org/W2361531856","https://openalex.org/W2350164742","https://openalex.org/W4229541998","https://openalex.org/W3104243573","https://openalex.org/W2369476024","https://openalex.org/W2335783332","https://openalex.org/W2353828672","https://openalex.org/W2382390925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voids":[0],"behind":[1],"linings":[2],"may":[3],"affect":[4],"the":[5,14,17,38,49,52,82,93,98,104,107,117,120,123,136],"safety":[6],"and":[7,34,63,79,103,119,125],"performance":[8],"of":[9,16,41,46,51,81,106,135],"structures.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12],"paper,":[13],"applicability":[15],"extended":[18],"finite":[19],"element":[20],"method":[21],"for":[22],"simulating":[23],"crack":[24,112],"propagation":[25],"was":[26,55,114],"verified":[27],"firstly":[28],"through":[29],"comparisons":[30],"between":[31,122],"numerical":[32],"simulations":[33],"model":[35],"tests.":[36],"Moreover,":[37],"mechanical":[39],"behavior":[40],"double-arch":[42],"tunnels":[43,140],"under":[44],"effects":[45,91],"voids":[47,88],"on":[48,92,97],"top":[50],"middle":[53,126],"wall":[54],"investigated":[56],"numerically.":[57],"Two":[58],"factors,":[59],"including":[60,75],"void":[61],"size":[62],"tunnel":[64],"shape,":[65],"were":[66,73],"mainly":[67],"investigated.":[68],"The":[69,84],"main":[70],"results":[71,85],"obtained":[72],"explored":[74],"internal":[76],"forces,":[77],"deformation":[78,105],"fracturing":[80],"liner.":[83,94],"showed":[86],"that":[87],"produced":[89],"adverse":[90],"Internal":[95],"forces":[96],"liner":[99,108],"experienced":[100],"significant":[101,130],"changes":[102],"increased.":[109],"Besides,":[110],"larger":[111],"depth":[113],"observed":[115],"at":[116],"crown":[118],"connection":[121],"spandrel":[124],"wall,":[127],"indicating":[128],"a":[129],"decrease":[131],"in":[132],"bearing":[133],"capacity":[134],"structure":[137],"compared":[138],"with":[139],"without":[141],"voids.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
