{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899292699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10110564","title":"Race Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Race Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899292699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10110564","mag":"2899292699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10110564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10110564","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/11/564/pdf?version=1541061581","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/11/564/pdf?version=1541061581","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020786909","display_name":"Thanh Vo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-6125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23582244","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05jfbgm49","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I23582244"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Vo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Program in Computer Science, University of Science, VNU HCMC, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Program in Computer Science, University of Science, VNU HCMC, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23582244","https://openalex.org/I123565023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107962698","display_name":"Trang Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-5152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096063","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tean533","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096063"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trang Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096063"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079582660","display_name":"Chao Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155935","display_name":"HUTECH University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpj2n48","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155935"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47265099","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qva2324","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. T. Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47265099","https://openalex.org/I4387155935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079582660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155935","https://openalex.org/I47265099"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.0846,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94067827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"564","last_page":"564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13029","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Conflicts","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8185622692108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7892897129058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7498350143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7062925100326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5645815134048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5573712587356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34603655338287354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8185622692108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7892897129058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7498350143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7062925100326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5645815134048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5573712587356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34603655338287354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10110564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10110564","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/11/564/pdf?version=1541061581","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b52b0ace8084e959209908f66356c66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b52b0ace8084e959209908f66356c66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 564 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/10/11/564/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10110564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10110564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10110564","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/11/564/pdf?version=1541061581","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899292699.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899292699.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567302070","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1928419358","https://openalex.org/W1934410531","https://openalex.org/W1993766142","https://openalex.org/W2069165391","https://openalex.org/W2073801847","https://openalex.org/W2096027770","https://openalex.org/W2097835341","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2147347517","https://openalex.org/W2153288431","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2283340597","https://openalex.org/W2299277274","https://openalex.org/W2324432692","https://openalex.org/W2342792048","https://openalex.org/W2427312199","https://openalex.org/W2429018336","https://openalex.org/W2464305746","https://openalex.org/W2464754550","https://openalex.org/W2533358335","https://openalex.org/W2534261280","https://openalex.org/W2551059751","https://openalex.org/W2565591417","https://openalex.org/W2590915453","https://openalex.org/W2599743206","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2731836491","https://openalex.org/W2735398813","https://openalex.org/W2741711032","https://openalex.org/W2742088956","https://openalex.org/W2751713617","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963474899","https://openalex.org/W3103757879","https://openalex.org/W6675736572","https://openalex.org/W6734022039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W2397288865","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Race":[0,39],"recognition":[1],"(RR),":[2],"which":[3],"has":[4],"many":[5],"applications":[6],"such":[7,192],"as":[8,193],"in":[9],"surveillance":[10],"systems,":[11],"image/video":[12],"understanding,":[13],"analysis,":[14],"etc.,":[15],"is":[16,43,71,89,211],"a":[17,33,74,90],"difficult":[18],"problem":[19],"to":[20,107,135,187],"solve":[21],"completely.":[22],"To":[23],"contribute":[24],"towards":[25],"solving":[26],"that":[27,45,147,180],"problem,":[28],"this":[29,62],"article":[30],"investigates":[31],"using":[32,73],"deep":[34,75],"learning":[35],"model.":[36],"An":[37],"efficient":[38],"Recognition":[40],"Framework":[41],"(RRF)":[42],"proposed":[44,113,182],"includes":[46],"information":[47],"collector":[48],"(IC),":[49],"face":[50],"detection":[51],"and":[52,55,141,169,210],"preprocessing":[53],"(FD&P),":[54],"RR":[56,60,72,94],"modules.":[57],"For":[58],"the":[59,98,109,137,149,152,160,202,207],"module,":[61],"study":[63],"proposes":[64],"two":[65],"independent":[66,168],"models.":[67],"The":[68,83,143,175],"first":[69],"model":[70,85,92,101,154,205],"convolutional":[76],"neural":[77],"network":[78],"(CNN)":[79],"(the":[80,86],"RR-CNN":[81,140],"model).":[82],"second":[84],"RR-VGG":[87,153,204],"model)":[88],"fine-tuning":[91,203],"for":[93,102,148,213],"based":[95],"on":[96,119],"VGG,":[97],"famous":[99],"trained":[100],"object":[103],"recognition.":[104],"In":[105],"order":[106],"examine":[108],"performance":[110],"of":[111,126,132],"our":[112,120,181],"framework,":[114],"we":[115],"perform":[116],"an":[117,167],"experiment":[118],"dataset":[121,190],"named":[122],"VNFaces,":[123],"composed":[124],"specifically":[125],"images":[127,158],"collected":[128],"from":[129],"Facebook":[130],"pages":[131],"Vietnamese":[133],"people,":[134],"compare":[136],"accuracy":[138,162,209],"between":[139],"RR-VGG.":[142],"experimental":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"VNFaces":[150],"dataset,":[151],"with":[155,198],"augmented":[156],"input":[157],"yields":[159,172],"best":[161,208],"at":[163],"88.87%":[164],"while":[165],"RR-CNN,":[166],"lightweight":[170],"model,":[171],"88.64%":[173],"accuracy.":[174],"extension":[176],"experiments":[177],"conducted":[178],"prove":[179],"models":[183],"could":[184],"be":[185],"applied":[186],"other":[188],"race":[189],"problems":[191],"Japanese,":[194],"Chinese,":[195],"or":[196],"Brazilian":[197],"over":[199],"90%":[200],"accuracy;":[201],"achieved":[206],"recommended":[212],"most":[214],"scenarios.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}