{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895447272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10100457","title":"Multi-Scale Adversarial Feature Learning for Saliency Detection","display_name":"Multi-Scale Adversarial Feature Learning for Saliency Detection","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895447272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10100457","mag":"2895447272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10100457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10100457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/10/457/pdf?version=1538427022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/10/457/pdf?version=1538427022","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002554183","display_name":"Dandan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dandan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049439879","display_name":"Lei Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-5308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014359523","display_name":"Ye Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-7268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ye Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-7268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063293419","display_name":"Guokai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-8325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guokai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039990525","display_name":"Xuan Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-9428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054494771","display_name":"Laurent Itti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0168-2977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Itti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Neuroscience Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Neuroscience Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071813171","display_name":"Jianwei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-9443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014359523","https://openalex.org/A5071813171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.2485,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85037498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"457","last_page":"457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7849744558334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7804601192474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7633898854255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7000025510787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6693158745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6511620879173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5159774422645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.514777421951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5100887417793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saliency-map","display_name":"Saliency map","score":0.4869178533554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.48362675309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4804684519767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.46660181879997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.4662185311317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4586259722709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4181775450706482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7849744558334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7804601192474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633898854255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7000025510787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6693158745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6511620879173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5159774422645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.514777421951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5100887417793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25304431","display_name":"Saliency map","level":3,"score":0.4869178533554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.48362675309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4804684519767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.46660181879997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4662185311317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4586259722709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4181775450706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10100457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10100457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/10/457/pdf?version=1538427022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d6cb103015548f6b520d1a8443edd4e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d6cb103015548f6b520d1a8443edd4e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 10, Iss 10, p 457 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/10/10/457/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10100457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10100457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10100457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/10/457/pdf?version=1538427022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2299399830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22120180012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545595850","https://openalex.org/W1918837316","https://openalex.org/W1947031653","https://openalex.org/W1963703376","https://openalex.org/W1982075130","https://openalex.org/W1984452441","https://openalex.org/W1993939318","https://openalex.org/W1996326832","https://openalex.org/W2028087473","https://openalex.org/W2037954058","https://openalex.org/W2039313011","https://openalex.org/W2041719651","https://openalex.org/W2055180303","https://openalex.org/W2067646051","https://openalex.org/W2078132377","https://openalex.org/W2086791339","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2144715671","https://openalex.org/W2147347517","https://openalex.org/W2161185676","https://openalex.org/W2169632643","https://openalex.org/W2259687230","https://openalex.org/W2270657321","https://openalex.org/W2272583772","https://openalex.org/W2293332611","https://openalex.org/W2337071454","https://openalex.org/W2338972621","https://openalex.org/W2346506533","https://openalex.org/W2511589228","https://openalex.org/W2518770889","https://openalex.org/W2625219738","https://openalex.org/W2740667773","https://openalex.org/W2744613561","https://openalex.org/W2766191874","https://openalex.org/W2780708736","https://openalex.org/W2780914530","https://openalex.org/W2963299740","https://openalex.org/W2963906836","https://openalex.org/W3103757879","https://openalex.org/W4213078714","https://openalex.org/W6639359414","https://openalex.org/W6649627412","https://openalex.org/W6672451241","https://openalex.org/W6693731491","https://openalex.org/W6704892919","https://openalex.org/W6729856380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W2506321706","https://openalex.org/W2902009049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"saliency":[1,59,90,116,120],"detection":[2],"methods":[3],"usually":[4],"focused":[5],"on":[6,126],"extracting":[7],"powerful":[8],"discriminative":[9],"features":[10],"to":[11,108],"describe":[12],"images":[13,82],"with":[14],"a":[15,26,42,49,95,102,114],"complex":[16],"background.":[17],"Recently,":[18],"the":[19,39,77,87,99,131],"generative":[20],"adversarial":[21,52],"network":[22,74],"(GAN)":[23],"has":[24],"shown":[25],"great":[27],"ability":[28],"in":[29,98],"feature":[30,44,53],"learning":[31,45,54],"for":[32,57],"synthesizing":[33],"high":[34],"quality":[35],"natural":[36,81],"images.":[37],"Since":[38],"GAN":[40],"shows":[41],"superior":[43],"ability,":[46],"we":[47,63,93],"present":[48],"new":[50],"multi-scale":[51,78],"(MAFL)":[55],"model":[56],"image":[58,112],"detection.":[60],"In":[61],"particular,":[62],"build":[64],"this":[65],"model,":[66],"which":[67,105],"is":[68,106,113],"composed":[69],"of":[70,133],"two":[71],"convolutional":[72],"neural":[73],"(CNN)":[75],"modules:":[76],"G-network":[79],"takes":[80],"as":[83],"inputs":[84],"and":[85,92,123],"generates":[86],"corresponding":[88],"synthetic":[89,115],"map,":[91],"design":[94],"novel":[96],"layer":[97],"D-network,":[100],"namely":[101],"correlation":[103],"layer,":[104],"used":[107],"determine":[109],"whether":[110],"one":[111],"map":[117],"or":[118],"ground-truth":[119],"map.":[121],"Quantitative":[122],"qualitative":[124],"comparisons":[125],"several":[127],"public":[128],"datasets":[129],"show":[130],"superiority":[132],"our":[134],"approach.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}