{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888506210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080349","title":"Optimizing the High-Level Maintenance Planning Problem of the Electric Multiple Unit Train Using a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Optimizing the High-Level Maintenance Planning Problem of the Electric Multiple Unit Train Using a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888506210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080349","mag":"2888506210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10080349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/8/349/pdf?version=1534759303","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/8/349/pdf?version=1534759303","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianping Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043293180","display_name":"Boliang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-0873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boliang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-0873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339998","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-4110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712934","display_name":"Xuhui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1177-0583"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vehicles, China Railway Shanghai Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vehicles, China Railway Shanghai Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200071, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101804913","display_name":"Zhongkai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5622-5366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongkai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711909","display_name":"Jiaxi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-4143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043293180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.3181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80474691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"349","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12782","display_name":"Assembly Line Balancing Optimization","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.8847631216049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7027513980865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.613784909248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5896635055541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5498587489128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.41064804792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3538574278354645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.138109028339386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.8847631216049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7027513980865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613784909248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5896635055541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5498587489128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.41064804792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3538574278354645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.138109028339386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10080349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/8/349/pdf?version=1534759303","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07f539921e6b43a19991bfeebd4e6ea0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07f539921e6b43a19991bfeebd4e6ea0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 349 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10080349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/8/349/pdf?version=1534759303","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2888506210.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2888506210.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982527155","https://openalex.org/W1989779838","https://openalex.org/W1991386249","https://openalex.org/W1998747910","https://openalex.org/W2022429651","https://openalex.org/W2052019601","https://openalex.org/W2078178799","https://openalex.org/W2092428576","https://openalex.org/W2120070400","https://openalex.org/W2151055051","https://openalex.org/W2169528527","https://openalex.org/W2247500158","https://openalex.org/W2297461425","https://openalex.org/W2356803575","https://openalex.org/W2366872114","https://openalex.org/W2475281062","https://openalex.org/W2606573963","https://openalex.org/W2622268746","https://openalex.org/W2780524266","https://openalex.org/W3148903988","https://openalex.org/W6681152865","https://openalex.org/W6697382272","https://openalex.org/W6721020895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W618248309","https://openalex.org/W2377336366","https://openalex.org/W1568097102","https://openalex.org/W4390419160","https://openalex.org/W1601203902","https://openalex.org/W2075798043","https://openalex.org/W2102464536","https://openalex.org/W4225671779","https://openalex.org/W2361332776","https://openalex.org/W814774360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"multiple":[1],"unit":[2],"(EMU)":[3],"trains\u2019":[4],"high-level":[5,15,73],"maintenance":[6,16,104,112],"planning":[7],"is":[8,29,58,79,125,141,155],"a":[9,75,136,148],"discrete":[10],"problem":[11],"in":[12,60],"mathematics.":[13],"The":[14,106,122],"process":[17,28,57],"of":[18,24,34,51,72,85,90,108,120,131,152],"the":[19,27,35,38,48,56,69,83,86,100,109,114,128,145,159,166,178,183],"EMU":[20,133],"trains":[21],"consumes":[22],"plenty":[23],"time.":[25],"When":[26],"undertaken":[30],"during":[31],"peak":[32],"periods":[33],"passenger":[36,115],"flow,":[37],"transportation":[39,116],"demand":[40],"may":[41],"not":[42],"be":[43,65,171],"fully":[44],"satisfied":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,99,126,157,186],"insufficient":[49],"supply":[50],"trains.":[52,134],"In":[53],"contrast,":[54],"if":[55],"undergone":[59],"advance,":[61],"extra":[62],"costs":[63],"will":[64],"incurred.":[66],"Based":[67],"on":[68],"practical":[70],"requirements":[71],"maintenance,":[74],"0\u20131":[76],"programming":[77],"model":[78,110],"proposed.":[80],"To":[81],"simplify":[82],"description":[84],"model,":[87],"candidate":[88],"sets":[89],"delivery":[91],"dates,":[92],"i.e.,":[93],"time":[94,185],"windows,":[95],"are":[96],"generated":[97],"according":[98],"historical":[101],"data":[102],"and":[103,118,177],"regulations.":[105],"constraints":[107],"include":[111],"regulations,":[113],"demand,":[117],"capacities":[119],"workshop.":[121],"objective":[123],"function":[124],"minimize":[127],"mileage":[129],"losses":[130],"all":[132],"Moreover,":[135],"modified":[137],"particle":[138],"swarm":[139],"algorithm":[140],"developed":[142],"for":[143],"solving":[144],"problem.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"real-world":[149],"case":[150],"study":[151],"Shanghai":[153],"Railway":[154],"conducted":[156],"demonstrate":[158],"proposed":[160,179],"method.":[161],"Computational":[162],"results":[163],"indicate":[164],"that":[165],"(approximate)":[167],"optimal":[168],"solution":[169,184],"can":[170],"obtained":[172],"successfully":[173],"by":[174],"our":[175],"method":[176,180],"significantly":[181],"reduces":[182],"500":[187],"s.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}