{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804990721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050162","title":"Sampling Based Histogram PCA and Its Mapreduce Parallel Implementation on Multicore","display_name":"Sampling Based Histogram PCA and Its Mapreduce Parallel Implementation on Multicore","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804990721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050162","mag":"2804990721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10050162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050162","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/162/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/162/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100786597","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-1177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057451811","display_name":"Huiwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1038-4349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Emergency Support Simulation Technologies for City Operations, Beijing 100191, China","School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Emergency Support Simulation Technologies for City Operations, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772856","display_name":"Siyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-6440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137867983","display_name":"Central University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/008e3hf02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059225875","display_name":"Edwin Diday","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171048554","display_name":"Centre de Recherche en Math\u00e9matiques de la D\u00e9cision","ror":"https://ror.org/03s0gj002","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I171048554","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I4210141950","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56435720","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine-PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/052bz7812","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Diday","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEREMADE, Paris-Dauphine University, 75775 Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEREMADE, Paris-Dauphine University, 75775 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720","https://openalex.org/I171048554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105890906","display_name":"Richard Emilion","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131315","display_name":"Laboratoire de Math\u00e9matiques Analyse, Probabilit\u00e9s, Mod\u00e9lisation Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/03d6rdf69","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210131315","https://openalex.org/I4210141950"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Emilion","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAPMO, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAPMO, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131315","https://openalex.org/I12449238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100772856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1585,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43591891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"162","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.8407422304153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7255574464797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6340245604515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6167545914649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-matching","display_name":"Histogram matching","score":0.5764381289482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4317758083343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39064133167266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35611337423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3464354872703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1620732545852661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.8407422304153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7255574464797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6340245604515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6167545914649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127449775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3785871","display_name":"Histogram matching","level":4,"score":0.5764381289482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4317758083343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39064133167266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35611337423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3464354872703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1620732545852661}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10050162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050162","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/162/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/10/5/162/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10050162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 162","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10050162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050162","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/162/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1845612176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11501586","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3643769750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7142010725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8159460047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71371019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804990721.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804990721.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78110596","https://openalex.org/W136213865","https://openalex.org/W1602371653","https://openalex.org/W1614215352","https://openalex.org/W1966577981","https://openalex.org/W1975291854","https://openalex.org/W2035328490","https://openalex.org/W2040107012","https://openalex.org/W2042281847","https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2072242542","https://openalex.org/W2083329817","https://openalex.org/W2093506327","https://openalex.org/W2104644701","https://openalex.org/W2109722477","https://openalex.org/W2126948068","https://openalex.org/W2147992929","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2481665880","https://openalex.org/W2742596304","https://openalex.org/W2912712559","https://openalex.org/W4230080154","https://openalex.org/W4235500030","https://openalex.org/W4292023222","https://openalex.org/W6676367512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794704245","https://openalex.org/W2247097764","https://openalex.org/W2066185872","https://openalex.org/W1998334300","https://openalex.org/W2110241600","https://openalex.org/W2375849557","https://openalex.org/W2109325523","https://openalex.org/W2146297113","https://openalex.org/W2324508068","https://openalex.org/W2141966243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,43],"existing":[1,104],"principle":[2],"component":[3],"analysis":[4],"(PCA)":[5],"methods":[6,61],"for":[7,36,52,99],"histogram-valued":[8],"symbolic":[9],"data,":[10,121,169],"projection":[11,132,152,156],"results":[12],"are":[13],"approximated":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16,122],"Moore\u2019s":[17],"algebra":[18],"and":[19,77,144,167,197,208],"fail":[20],"to":[21,118,150,159],"reflect":[22],"the":[23,37,69,93,103,109,114,131,155,172,186,203],"data\u2019s":[24],"true":[25],"structure,":[26],"mainly":[27],"because":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30,90,148,157,206],"no":[31],"precise,":[32],"unified":[33],"calculation":[34],"method":[35,51,89,110,174,188,205],"linear":[38,124,139],"combination":[39,125,140],"of":[40,96,133,141,185],"histogram":[41,53,87,116,160],"data.":[42,161],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46,180],"propose":[47],"a":[48,82,182,190],"new":[49,86,173,187,204],"PCA":[50,88],"data":[54],"that":[55,63,202],"distinguishes":[56],"itself":[57],"from":[58,113],"various":[59],"well-established":[60],"in":[62,189],"it":[64,178],"can":[65,127,135],"project":[66,107],"observations":[67,134],"onto":[68],"space":[70],"spanned":[71],"by":[72,79,138],"principal":[73],"components":[74],"more":[75],"accurately":[76],"rapidly":[78],"sampling":[80],"through":[81],"MapReduce":[83,192],"framework.":[84,193],"The":[85],"implemented":[91],"under":[92],"same":[94],"assumption":[95],"\u201corthogonal":[97],"dimensions":[98],"every":[100],"observation\u201d":[101],"with":[102],"literatures.":[105],"To":[106,176],"observations,":[108],"first":[111],"samples":[112],"original":[115],"variables":[117],"acquire":[119],"single-valued":[120,145],"which":[123,147,170],"operations":[126],"be":[128,136],"performed.":[129],"Then,":[130],"given":[137],"loading":[142],"vectors":[143],"samples,":[146],"close":[149],"accurate":[151],"results.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"summarized":[158],"These":[162],"procedures":[163],"involve":[164],"complex":[165],"algorithms":[166],"large-scale":[168],"makes":[171],"time-consuming.":[175],"speed":[177],"up,":[179],"undertake":[181],"parallel":[183],"implementation":[184],"multicore":[191],"A":[194],"simulation":[195],"study":[196,200],"an":[198],"empirical":[199],"confirm":[201],"effective":[207],"time-saving.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}