{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801811365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050148","title":"Demographic-Assisted Age-Invariant Face Recognition and Retrieval","display_name":"Demographic-Assisted Age-Invariant Face Recognition and Retrieval","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801811365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050148","mag":"2801811365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10050148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050148","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/148/pdf?version=1525779130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/148/pdf?version=1525779130","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074888529","display_name":"Muhammad Sajid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-1235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Sajid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088101986","display_name":"Tamoor Shafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8412-0066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamoor Shafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8412-0066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084526174","display_name":"Sohaib Manzoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-6090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohaib Manzoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-6090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036894265","display_name":"Faisal Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-3487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049067075","display_name":"Hassan Talal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Talal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062819537","display_name":"Usama Samad Qureshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usama Samad Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003007122","display_name":"Imran Riaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1026-3582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Riaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250 (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074888529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.7283,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7597892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"148","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6697665452957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6506537199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6220834255218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5784744620323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.563825249671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5431593060493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4615372121334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4090949296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1729089915752411}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6697665452957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6506537199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6220834255218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5784744620323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.563825249671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5431593060493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4615372121334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4090949296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1729089915752411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10050148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050148","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/148/pdf?version=1525779130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1c0b7ededde4eb7b20d7ce2d70c7b22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1c0b7ededde4eb7b20d7ce2d70c7b22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 148 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/10/5/148/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10050148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 148","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym10050148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050148","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/5/148/pdf?version=1525779130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2801811365.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2801811365.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567822572","https://openalex.org/W1989617072","https://openalex.org/W2004794487","https://openalex.org/W2005194803","https://openalex.org/W2009441118","https://openalex.org/W2024160000","https://openalex.org/W2030098377","https://openalex.org/W2045371114","https://openalex.org/W2057755039","https://openalex.org/W2060731032","https://openalex.org/W2066454034","https://openalex.org/W2067425370","https://openalex.org/W2067431615","https://openalex.org/W2069261721","https://openalex.org/W2078417509","https://openalex.org/W2088009615","https://openalex.org/W2097915737","https://openalex.org/W2106488920","https://openalex.org/W2108293733","https://openalex.org/W2111084364","https://openalex.org/W2115394472","https://openalex.org/W2115651492","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2118755929","https://openalex.org/W2119486225","https://openalex.org/W2119723733","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2126972425","https://openalex.org/W2140312704","https://openalex.org/W2142187478","https://openalex.org/W2143151905","https://openalex.org/W2146617258","https://openalex.org/W2161626468","https://openalex.org/W2166939233","https://openalex.org/W2217527616","https://openalex.org/W2271105750","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2327301358","https://openalex.org/W2353169560","https://openalex.org/W2404165402","https://openalex.org/W2417732799","https://openalex.org/W2536692889","https://openalex.org/W2557430144","https://openalex.org/W2572045081","https://openalex.org/W2725701886","https://openalex.org/W2732721667","https://openalex.org/W2739207911","https://openalex.org/W2800654142","https://openalex.org/W2898285437","https://openalex.org/W6678326844","https://openalex.org/W6679929760","https://openalex.org/W6681139254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2382330008","https://openalex.org/W1519970947","https://openalex.org/W2116423617","https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2112875849","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Demographic":[0,25],"estimation":[1,7,26,52],"of":[2,8,38,77,95],"human":[3],"face":[4,44,55,80,92,115,134],"images":[5,135],"involves":[6],"age":[9,72],"group,":[10,73],"gender,":[11,74],"and":[12,23,43,53,57,75,90,103,120],"race,":[13],"which":[14,33],"finds":[15],"many":[16],"applications,":[17],"such":[18,31],"as":[19],"access":[20],"control,":[21],"forensics,":[22],"surveillance.":[24],"can":[27,127],"help":[28],"in":[29],"designing":[30],"algorithms":[32],"lead":[34],"to":[35,69,88,132],"better":[36],"understanding":[37],"the":[39,71,96,104,117,124,129],"facial":[40],"aging":[41,137],"process":[42],"recognition.":[45],"Such":[46],"a":[47,78,100],"study":[48],"has":[49],"two":[50,113],"parts\u2014demographic":[51],"subsequent":[54],"recognition":[56],"retrieval.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"first":[62],"we":[63],"extract":[64],"facial-asymmetry-based":[65],"demographic":[66,83,97],"informative":[67],"features":[68,84],"estimate":[70],"race":[76],"given":[79],"image.":[81],"The":[82],"are":[85],"then":[86],"used":[87],"recognize":[89,133],"retrieve":[91],"images.":[93],"Comparison":[94],"estimates":[98],"from":[99],"state-of-the-art":[101],"algorithm":[102],"proposed":[105,125],"approach":[106,126],"is":[107],"also":[108],"presented.":[109],"Experimental":[110],"results":[111],"on":[112],"longitudinal":[114],"datasets,":[116],"MORPH":[118],"II":[119],"FERET,":[121],"show":[122],"that":[123],"compete":[128],"existing":[130],"methods":[131],"across":[136],"variations.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}