{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027629931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s91210434","title":"Sensor for Distance Estimation Using FFT of Images","display_name":"Sensor for Distance Estimation Using FFT of Images","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027629931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s91210434","mag":"2027629931","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22303183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s91210434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s91210434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/12/10434/pdf?version=1403311976","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/12/10434/pdf?version=1403311976","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020643524","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis L\u00e1zaro Galilea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-7134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 L. L\u00e1zaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Superior Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (28871), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Superior Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (28871), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108516904","display_name":"\u00c1ngel E. Cano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199856841","display_name":"Universidad de Oriente","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqap970","country_code":"CU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199856841"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel E. Cano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Department, University of Oriente, Av. de las Am\u00e9ricas, SN, Santiago de Cuba (90900), Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Department, University of Oriente, Av. de las Am\u00e9ricas, SN, Santiago de Cuba (90900), Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199856841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685131","display_name":"Pedro R. Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-8478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54203891","display_name":"Ferro (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03tah6c23","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54203891"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro R. Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Superior Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (28871), Madrid, Spain","E-Mails:  pedro.fernandez@depeca.uah.es  (P.R.F.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Superior Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (28871), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-Mails:  pedro.fernandez@depeca.uah.es  (P.R.F.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54203891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113898236","display_name":"Carlos A. Luna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos A. Luna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Superior Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (28871), Madrid, Spain","caluna@depeca.uah.es  (C.A.L.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Superior Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (28871), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"caluna@depeca.uah.es  (C.A.L.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020643524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.0367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82885086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"10434","last_page":"10446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.7873988151550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.6135612726211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6089885830879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5352680683135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.53067547082901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49645835161209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-level","display_name":"Grey level","score":0.47365602850914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46059903502464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3791278302669525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28266721963882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2060357928276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1921708881855011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.7873988151550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.6135612726211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6089885830879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5352680683135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.53067547082901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49645835161209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994222927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grey level","level":3,"score":0.47365602850914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46059903502464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3791278302669525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28266721963882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2060357928276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1921708881855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s91210434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s91210434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/12/10434/pdf?version=1403311976","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22303183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22303183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2278929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3267231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.272.2960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.272.2960","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/6f/f2/Sensors_(Basel)_2009_Dec_22_9(12)_10434-10446.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae9b46a96c254a4f8f17808b94cb3675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae9b46a96c254a4f8f17808b94cb3675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 9, Iss 12, Pp 10434-10446 (2009)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s91210434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s91210434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/12/10434/pdf?version=1403311976","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322146","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/04dxd1f80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027629931.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W988466463","https://openalex.org/W1988280914","https://openalex.org/W2009085388","https://openalex.org/W2017795721","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2069281566","https://openalex.org/W2101771846","https://openalex.org/W2130700878","https://openalex.org/W2168659559","https://openalex.org/W2170777461","https://openalex.org/W2209124607","https://openalex.org/W2914331897","https://openalex.org/W2914605006","https://openalex.org/W3022352042","https://openalex.org/W6679358826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790856699","https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W1545597883","https://openalex.org/W2606779610","https://openalex.org/W2168136726","https://openalex.org/W2161807425","https://openalex.org/W2363778638","https://openalex.org/W71732713","https://openalex.org/W1533881877","https://openalex.org/W2618864341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,9,41,46,61],"problem":[4],"of":[5],"how":[6],"to":[7,40,65],"estimate":[8],"distance":[10,58],"between":[11],"an":[12],"infrared":[13],"emitter":[14],"diode":[15],"(IRED)":[16],"and":[17,38,55],"a":[18,27,69],"camera":[19],"from":[20,26,45,63],"pixel":[21],"grey-level":[22],"intensities":[23],"is":[24,74],"examined":[25],"practical":[28],"standpoint.":[29],"Magnitudes":[30],"that":[31],"affect":[32],"grey":[33],"level":[34],"intensity":[35],"were":[36],"defined":[37],"related":[39],"zero":[42],"frequency":[43],"component":[44],"FFT":[47],"image.":[48],"A":[49],"general":[50],"model":[51],"was":[52],"also":[53],"described":[54],"tested":[56],"for":[57],"estimation":[59],"over":[60,75],"range":[62],"420":[64],"800":[66],"cm":[67],"using":[68],"differential":[70],"methodology.":[71],"Method":[72],"accuracy":[73],"3%.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
