{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982157606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90907234","title":"Detection and Classification of Human Body Odor Using an Electronic Nose","display_name":"Detection and Classification of Human Body Odor Using an Electronic Nose","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982157606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90907234","mag":"1982157606","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22399995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90907234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90907234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/9/7234/pdf?version=1403311749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/9/7234/pdf?version=1403311749","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072265744","display_name":"Chatchawal Wongchoosuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5613-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chatchawal Wongchoosuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073912642","display_name":"Mario Lutz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Lutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Programme, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Programme, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055227866","display_name":"Teerakiat Kerdcharoen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107674","display_name":"National Nanotechnology Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01neh8064","country_code":"TH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332092204","https://openalex.org/I4210107674"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Teerakiat Kerdcharoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","NANOTEC Center of Excellence at Mahidol University, National Nanotechnology Center, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NANOTEC Center of Excellence at Mahidol University, National Nanotechnology Center, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107674","https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055227866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158","https://openalex.org/I4210107674"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.1715,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95349013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"7234","last_page":"7249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10908","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-nose","display_name":"Electronic nose","score":0.9545610547065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odor","display_name":"Odor","score":0.7198631167411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5931453704833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usb","display_name":"USB","score":0.5888087749481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5330815315246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5163553953170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4917443096637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48631367087364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-array","display_name":"Sensor array","score":0.4664102792739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.41858434677124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nose","display_name":"Nose","score":0.41591739654541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35420551896095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2118360996246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20951959490776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.13607239723205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.098308265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09325218200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07262423634529114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23895516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550092","display_name":"Electronic nose","level":2,"score":0.9545610547065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778916471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485537","display_name":"Odor","level":2,"score":0.7198631167411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5931453704833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507366226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42378","display_name":"USB","level":3,"score":0.5888087749481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5330815315246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5163553953170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4917443096637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48631367087364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.4664102792739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.41858434677124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363","display_name":"Nose","level":2,"score":0.41591739654541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35420551896095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2118360996246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20951959490776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13607239723205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.098308265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09325218200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07262423634529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90907234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90907234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/9/7234/pdf?version=1403311749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22399995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22399995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.271.6628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.271.6628","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/77/69/Sensors_(Basel)_2009_Sep_9_9(9)_7234-7249.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14c0c37cb1ac446b984763f5d6445b26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14c0c37cb1ac446b984763f5d6445b26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 9, Iss 9, Pp 7234-7249 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2305585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3290469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/9/9/7234/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s90907234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 7234-7249","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90907234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90907234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/9/7234/pdf?version=1403311749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322401","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322614","display_name":"Thailand Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd1bh37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324072","display_name":"Commission on Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04s346m05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1982157606.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1982157606.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22571095","https://openalex.org/W986037963","https://openalex.org/W1484610719","https://openalex.org/W1525474227","https://openalex.org/W1964487357","https://openalex.org/W1981426009","https://openalex.org/W1985103155","https://openalex.org/W1986201311","https://openalex.org/W1987852761","https://openalex.org/W1996553648","https://openalex.org/W2003174390","https://openalex.org/W2010844326","https://openalex.org/W2018597864","https://openalex.org/W2018826908","https://openalex.org/W2024285420","https://openalex.org/W2025765142","https://openalex.org/W2033355541","https://openalex.org/W2037105008","https://openalex.org/W2040550341","https://openalex.org/W2046212223","https://openalex.org/W2051854775","https://openalex.org/W2052463543","https://openalex.org/W2056243792","https://openalex.org/W2059285679","https://openalex.org/W2062006773","https://openalex.org/W2063821826","https://openalex.org/W2065687144","https://openalex.org/W2068903005","https://openalex.org/W2086886676","https://openalex.org/W2087724748","https://openalex.org/W2089309619","https://openalex.org/W2114328910","https://openalex.org/W2115130048","https://openalex.org/W2115331954","https://openalex.org/W2125097298","https://openalex.org/W2154751794","https://openalex.org/W2158639075","https://openalex.org/W2161023189","https://openalex.org/W2161349624","https://openalex.org/W2167709000","https://openalex.org/W6679117816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371500231","https://openalex.org/W2055525282","https://openalex.org/W2770593007","https://openalex.org/W4366147034","https://openalex.org/W2357140647","https://openalex.org/W2352423764","https://openalex.org/W2941736642","https://openalex.org/W298970755","https://openalex.org/W2225283375","https://openalex.org/W1916808198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0,20],"electronic":[1],"nose":[2],"(E-nose)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"designed":[6],"and":[7,14,74,96,121],"equipped":[8],"with":[9,63],"software":[10,55],"that":[11],"can":[12],"detect":[13],"classify":[15],"human":[16,118],"armpit":[17,84,160],"body":[18,119,124],"odor.":[19],"array":[21],"of":[22,45,83,103,116,144,153,156],"metal":[23],"oxide":[24],"sensors":[25],"was":[26,50],"used":[27],"for":[28,71,100,159],"detecting":[29,117],"volatile":[30],"organic":[31],"compounds.":[32],"The":[33,133],"measurement":[34],"circuit":[35],"employs":[36],"a":[37,57,64,93,130],"voltage":[38],"divider":[39],"resistor":[40],"to":[41,138],"measure":[42],"the":[43,81,101,104,108,111,114,123,150,154],"sensitivity":[44,79],"each":[46],"sensor.":[47],"This":[48],"E-nose":[49,112,134,158],"controlled":[51],"by":[52,89],"in-house":[53],"developed":[54],"through":[56],"portable":[58],"USB":[59],"data":[60],"acquisition":[61],"card":[62],"principle":[65],"component":[66],"analysis":[67],"(PCA)":[68],"algorithm":[69],"implemented":[70],"pattern":[72],"recognition":[73],"classification.":[75],"Because":[76],"gas":[77],"sensor":[78],"in":[80,129],"detection":[82],"odor":[85,120,161],"samples":[86],"is":[87,135,149],"affected":[88],"humidity,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"new":[94],"method":[95],"algorithms":[97],"combining":[98],"hardware/software":[99],"correction":[102],"humidity":[105,109],"noise.":[106],"After":[107],"correction,":[110],"showed":[113],"capability":[115],"distinguishing":[122],"odors":[125],"from":[126],"two":[127],"persons":[128],"relative":[131],"manner.":[132],"still":[136],"able":[137],"recognize":[139],"people,":[140],"even":[141],"after":[142],"application":[143,155],"deodorant.":[145],"In":[146],"conclusion,":[147],"this":[148],"first":[151],"report":[152],"an":[157],"recognition.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
