{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059815557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90806008","title":"Orientation of Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds with Multi-View, Multi-Scale Image Blocks","display_name":"Orientation of Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds with Multi-View, Multi-Scale Image Blocks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059815557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90806008","mag":"2059815557","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22454569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90806008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90806008","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/6008/pdf?version=1403311630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/6008/pdf?version=1403311630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029034467","display_name":"Petri R\u00f6nnholm","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Petri R\u00f6nnholm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1200, FI-02015 TKK, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1200, FI-02015 TKK, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020136472","display_name":"Hannu Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-3159"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannu Hyypp\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1200, FI-02015 TKK, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1200, FI-02015 TKK, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042071","display_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, P.O. Box 15, 02431 Masala, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, P.O. Box 15, 02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010187578","display_name":"Henrik Haggr\u00e9n","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Haggr\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1200, FI-02015 TKK, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1200, FI-02015 TKK, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029034467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.4715,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68641035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"6008","last_page":"6027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8472046852111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.784320592880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.7683061361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.7393404245376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6599183678627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.623689591884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6186982989311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5739393830299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5723364949226379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5019102096557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49981045722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3313603699207306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2771155834197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24858108162879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.20518076419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20020559430122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12597432732582092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8472046852111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.784320592880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.7683061361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.7393404245376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6599183678627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.623689591884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6186982989311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5739393830299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5723364949226379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5019102096557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49981045722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3313603699207306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2771155834197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24858108162879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.20518076419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20020559430122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12597432732582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90806008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90806008","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/6008/pdf?version=1403311630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22454569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22454569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2318068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3312427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3845faa94186425cad1bb77ebb447f89","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3845faa94186425cad1bb77ebb447f89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 9, Iss 8, Pp 6008-6027 (2009)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90806008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90806008","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/6008/pdf?version=1403311630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2059815557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2059815557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34759939","https://openalex.org/W89144810","https://openalex.org/W99526977","https://openalex.org/W168860167","https://openalex.org/W199416259","https://openalex.org/W404831753","https://openalex.org/W1514915088","https://openalex.org/W1551700934","https://openalex.org/W1564169463","https://openalex.org/W1610349406","https://openalex.org/W2000158116","https://openalex.org/W2003186136","https://openalex.org/W2003396485","https://openalex.org/W2008580288","https://openalex.org/W2009214675","https://openalex.org/W2027304711","https://openalex.org/W2029625183","https://openalex.org/W2037686083","https://openalex.org/W2043962946","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2056769281","https://openalex.org/W2063549868","https://openalex.org/W2069504184","https://openalex.org/W2069607233","https://openalex.org/W2097631297","https://openalex.org/W2113317307","https://openalex.org/W2124464760","https://openalex.org/W2145445780","https://openalex.org/W2403429490","https://openalex.org/W2468253101","https://openalex.org/W2470799989","https://openalex.org/W2483612340","https://openalex.org/W2560465992","https://openalex.org/W2614137791","https://openalex.org/W2640998870","https://openalex.org/W2910427973","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6608044547","https://openalex.org/W6614058752","https://openalex.org/W6630856705","https://openalex.org/W6632878561","https://openalex.org/W6636441955","https://openalex.org/W6677209092","https://openalex.org/W6738008343","https://openalex.org/W6739649178","https://openalex.org/W6941151093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969134726","https://openalex.org/W2088131065","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W2001220299","https://openalex.org/W2101607253","https://openalex.org/W4323518558","https://openalex.org/W3196715007","https://openalex.org/W2091615206","https://openalex.org/W4399030596","https://openalex.org/W2366440988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Comprehensive":[0],"3D":[1,63,66],"modeling":[2],"of":[3,8,25,55,145,160,228,241],"our":[4],"environment":[5],"requires":[6,29],"integration":[7,24],"terrestrial":[9,74,133],"and":[10,20,61,73,86,101,120,132,163,232],"airborne":[11,57,233],"data,":[12],"which":[13,213],"is":[14,105],"collected,":[15],"preferably,":[16],"using":[17,182],"laser":[18,58,75,102,122,191,234],"scanning":[19,76,192,235],"photogrammetric":[21,71],"methods.":[22],"However,":[23,207],"these":[26],"multi-source":[27],"data":[28,193,236],"accurate":[30],"relative":[31,40,97,147,226],"orientations.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"article,":[35],"two":[36],"methods":[37,165],"for":[38,87],"solving":[39],"orientation":[41,98,113,148,215,227],"problems":[42],"are":[43],"presented.":[44],"The":[45,65,78,107,125,158,168],"first":[46,79,162],"method":[47,80,109,114,189,222],"includes":[48,129],"registration":[49,91],"by":[50,181],"minimizing":[51],"the":[52,93,96,137,143,156,161,175,183,187,197,214,220,225],"distances":[53],"between":[54,99,115],"an":[56,111,229],"point":[59,103,123],"cloud":[60,104],"a":[62,84,116,121,146,209,239],"model.":[64],"model":[67],"was":[68,81],"derived":[69],"from":[70],"measurements":[72],"points.":[77],"used":[82],"as":[83],"reference":[85],"validation.":[88],"Having":[89],"completed":[90],"in":[92,155,208,212],"object":[94],"space,":[95],"images":[100,152],"known.":[106],"second":[108,164],"utilizes":[110],"interactive":[112,184,188,221],"multi-scale":[117,126,138],"image":[118,127,139,205,231],"block":[119,128,140],"cloud.":[124],"both":[130],"aerial":[131,230],"images.":[134],"Experiments":[135],"with":[136,196],"revealed":[141],"that":[142,171],"accuracy":[144],"increased":[149],"when":[150],"more":[151],"were":[153,166,174],"included":[154,217],"block.":[157],"orientations":[159],"compared.":[167],"comparison":[169],"showed":[170],"correct":[172],"rotations":[173,200],"most":[176],"difficult":[177],"to":[178,194,204],"detect":[179],"accurately":[180],"method.":[185],"Because":[186],"forces":[190],"fit":[195],"images,":[198],"inaccurate":[199],"cause":[201],"corresponding":[202],"shifts":[203],"positions.":[206],"test":[210],"case,":[211],"differences":[216],"only":[218],"shifts,":[219],"could":[223],"solve":[224],"repeatedly":[237],"within":[238],"couple":[240],"centimeters.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}