{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101191886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90805968","title":"S3: School Zone Safety System Based on Wireless Sensor Network","display_name":"S3: School Zone Safety System Based on Wireless Sensor Network","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101191886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90805968","mag":"2101191886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90805968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90805968","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/5968/pdf?version=1403311626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/5968/pdf?version=1403311626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022666150","display_name":"Seong-eun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3626-342X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-eun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea","Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (P.C.)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (P.C.)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010954779","display_name":"Poh Kit Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poh Kit Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea","E-Mails(S.Y.)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-Mails(S.Y.)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412744","display_name":"Daeyoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-3075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daeyoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea","(P.C.)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / Daejeon 305-701, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(P.C.)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100412744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.5482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90042062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"5968","last_page":"5988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-limit","display_name":"Speed limit","score":0.688040554523468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5736361742019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5678848624229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5327320694923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.5007834434509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5000371932983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.43554559350013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4122089445590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.407852441072464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3681095242500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33870208263397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2668197453022003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26642924547195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.21527773141860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2035694122314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07726821303367615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077350","display_name":"Speed limit","level":2,"score":0.688040554523468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5736361742019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5678848624229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5327320694923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.5007834434509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5000371932983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.43554559350013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4122089445590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.407852441072464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3681095242500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33870208263397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2668197453022003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26642924547195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.21527773141860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2035694122314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07726821303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90805968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90805968","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/5968/pdf?version=1403311626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ba04b588d124f829cd74686cbd22edc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ba04b588d124f829cd74686cbd22edc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 9, Iss 8, Pp 5968-5988 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2318066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3312425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/9/8/5968/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s90805968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 9; Issue 8; Pages: 5968-5988","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90805968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90805968","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/5968/pdf?version=1403311626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321640","display_name":"Ministry of Knowledge Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322348","display_name":"Korea Science and Engineering Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2101191886.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2101191886.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304396563","https://openalex.org/W659536745","https://openalex.org/W1506600438","https://openalex.org/W2028694503","https://openalex.org/W2061957292","https://openalex.org/W2082684269","https://openalex.org/W2098723921","https://openalex.org/W2117723472","https://openalex.org/W2129185512","https://openalex.org/W2141717118","https://openalex.org/W2144663365","https://openalex.org/W2146319905","https://openalex.org/W3022916364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606446052","https://openalex.org/W2036021480","https://openalex.org/W3195777957","https://openalex.org/W2382668227","https://openalex.org/W2348482143","https://openalex.org/W2024584030","https://openalex.org/W2137048368","https://openalex.org/W3104168426","https://openalex.org/W1603675680","https://openalex.org/W1983668675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"School":[0,46],"zones":[1,203],"are":[2,33],"areas":[3],"near":[4],"schools":[5],"that":[6,148],"have":[7,197,208],"lower":[8],"speed":[9,55,84,94,100,119,165],"limits":[10],"and":[11,57,70,74,97,108,138,157,177,206],"where":[12],"illegally":[13,67],"parked":[14,68],"vehicles":[15,86,96],"pose":[16],"a":[17,39,88,118,123,141,174,182],"threat":[18],"to":[19,51,58,101,191],"school":[20,63,89,143,202],"children":[21],"by":[22,214],"obstructing":[23],"them":[24,216],"from":[25,140],"the":[26,54,72,76,82,93,99,102,111,114,149,169,179,187,210],"view":[27],"of":[28,85,95,113,155,161,173,212],"drivers.":[29],"However,":[30],"these":[31],"laws":[32],"regularly":[34],"flouted.":[35],"Thus,":[36],"we":[37,185,207],"propose":[38],"novel":[40],"wireless":[41],"sensor":[42,175],"network":[43],"application":[44],"called":[45],"zone":[47],"Safety":[48],"System":[49],"(S3)":[50],"help":[52],"regulate":[53],"limit":[56],"prevent":[59],"illegal":[60],"parking":[61],"in":[62,87,135,200,204],"zones.":[64],"S3":[65,91,199,213],"detects":[66],"vehicles,":[69,156],"warns":[71],"driver":[73,103],"records":[75],"license":[77],"plate":[78],"number.":[79],"To":[80],"reduce":[81],"traveling":[83],"zone,":[90,144],"measures":[92],"displays":[98],"via":[104],"an":[105,159],"LED":[106],"display,":[107],"also":[109],"captures":[110],"image":[112],"speeding":[115],"vehicle":[116,127],"with":[117,181],"camera.":[120],"We":[121,167,196],"developed":[122],"state":[124],"machine":[125],"based":[126],"detection":[128],"algorithm":[129],"for":[130,164,217],"S3.":[131],"From":[132],"extensive":[133],"experiments":[134],"our":[136],"testbeds":[137],"data":[139],"real":[142],"it":[145],"is":[146],"shown":[147],"system":[150],"can":[151],"detect":[152],"all":[153],"kinds":[154],"has":[158],"accuracy":[160],"over":[162,193,218],"95%":[163],"measurement.":[166],"modeled":[168],"battery":[170,188],"life":[171,189],"time":[172,190],"node":[176],"validated":[178],"model":[180],"downscaled":[183],"measurement;":[184],"estimate":[186],"be":[192],"2":[194],"years.":[195],"deployed":[198],"15":[201],"2007,":[205],"demonstrated":[209],"robustness":[211],"operating":[215],"1":[219],"year.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}