{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105534290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100022","title":"Full Hierarchic Versus Non-Hierarchic Classification Approaches for Mapping Sealed Surfaces at the Rural-Urban Fringe Using High-Resolution Satellite Data","display_name":"Full Hierarchic Versus Non-Hierarchic Classification Approaches for Mapping Sealed Surfaces at the Rural-Urban Fringe Using High-Resolution Satellite Data","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105534290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100022","mag":"2105534290","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22389586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90100022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/1/22/pdf?version=1403311221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/1/22/pdf?version=1403311221","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004606401","display_name":"Tim De Roeck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim De Roeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium; E-mails: (T. De R.); (T. Van de V.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium; E-mails: (T. De R.); (T. Van de V.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059593093","display_name":"Tim Van de Voorde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-5087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087710","display_name":"Victoria University of Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/0054vex45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087710"]}],"countries":["BD","BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Van de Voorde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium","E-mails:  tim.de.roeck@vub.ac.be  (T. De R.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-mails:  tim.de.roeck@vub.ac.be  (T. De R.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091439710","display_name":"Frank Canters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-9577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087710","display_name":"Victoria University of Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/0054vex45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087710"]}],"countries":["BD","BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Canters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium","tvdvoord@vub.ac.be  (T. Van de V.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Cartography and GIS Research Unit, Department of Geography, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"tvdvoord@vub.ac.be  (T. Van de V.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091439710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I4210087710"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.6409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90517065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"22","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.7227802872657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6250720620155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6098802089691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5887612104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5359960198402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.5278696417808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.47889700531959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.47208118438720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sprawl","display_name":"Urban sprawl","score":0.43559178709983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.42326223850250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4077080488204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3956088423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3398008942604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2579004764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.19654953479766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1788838803768158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17034971714019775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.7227802872657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6250720620155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6098802089691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5887612104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5359960198402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5278696417808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47889700531959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.47208118438720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban sprawl","level":3,"score":0.43559178709983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42326223850250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4077080488204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3956088423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3398008942604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2579004764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.19654953479766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1788838803768158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17034971714019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90100022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/1/22/pdf?version=1403311221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22389586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22389586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8645252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8645252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1424-8220","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be181157bae14133bee2207341e411ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be181157bae14133bee2207341e411ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 22-45 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2302202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3280732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/9/1/22/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s90100022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 9; Issue 1; Pages: 22-45","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:51410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/full-hierarchic-versus-nonhierarchic-classification-approaches-for-mapping-sealed-surfaces-at-the-ruralurban-fringe-using-highresolution-satellite-data(39c1b031-d1a6-49d4-b73d-448c1b9fcb9f).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s90100022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/1/22/pdf?version=1403311221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2105534290.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2105534290.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12227174","https://openalex.org/W27756842","https://openalex.org/W246898172","https://openalex.org/W267351533","https://openalex.org/W353933211","https://openalex.org/W379062668","https://openalex.org/W1505442991","https://openalex.org/W1557213576","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1648710605","https://openalex.org/W1911811051","https://openalex.org/W1942102575","https://openalex.org/W1982693093","https://openalex.org/W1987155626","https://openalex.org/W1991997465","https://openalex.org/W1994977428","https://openalex.org/W1998598901","https://openalex.org/W2005125125","https://openalex.org/W2035549557","https://openalex.org/W2038951852","https://openalex.org/W2046204925","https://openalex.org/W2055376981","https://openalex.org/W2055448925","https://openalex.org/W2059432853","https://openalex.org/W2061240006","https://openalex.org/W2073056054","https://openalex.org/W2074256102","https://openalex.org/W2076043738","https://openalex.org/W2095819230","https://openalex.org/W2100001151","https://openalex.org/W2103391250","https://openalex.org/W2108597246","https://openalex.org/W2115451191","https://openalex.org/W2115758154","https://openalex.org/W2124629517","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2125270033","https://openalex.org/W2143682935","https://openalex.org/W2144087148","https://openalex.org/W2144362041","https://openalex.org/W2147469123","https://openalex.org/W2148878936","https://openalex.org/W2150700542","https://openalex.org/W2150896203","https://openalex.org/W2152761983","https://openalex.org/W2154039730","https://openalex.org/W2158770403","https://openalex.org/W2159411209","https://openalex.org/W2159817983","https://openalex.org/W2165282790","https://openalex.org/W2184904261","https://openalex.org/W2186704995","https://openalex.org/W2188471313","https://openalex.org/W2188921144","https://openalex.org/W2199354950","https://openalex.org/W2462017429","https://openalex.org/W2479856190","https://openalex.org/W2734144896","https://openalex.org/W2944326111","https://openalex.org/W2981849677","https://openalex.org/W3126733505","https://openalex.org/W3212230143","https://openalex.org/W4237811460","https://openalex.org/W4247719902","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6609907763","https://openalex.org/W6675885416","https://openalex.org/W6681459935","https://openalex.org/W6684243969","https://openalex.org/W6687008609","https://openalex.org/W6803897555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076543106","https://openalex.org/W2994772185","https://openalex.org/W2523437662","https://openalex.org/W89844371","https://openalex.org/W2019891950","https://openalex.org/W2085842814","https://openalex.org/W4286643620","https://openalex.org/W4387048144","https://openalex.org/W2492135063","https://openalex.org/W2362514456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"2008":[1],"more":[2],"than":[3],"half":[4],"of":[5,19,26,45,98,117,141,151],"the":[6,22,72,85,96,99,102,122,131,156],"world":[7],"population":[8],"is":[9,16,32,78],"living":[10],"in":[11],"cities":[12],"and":[13,24,29,54,63],"urban":[14,27],"sprawl":[15],"continuing.":[17],"Because":[18],"these":[20],"developments,":[21],"mapping":[23,44],"monitoring":[25],"environments":[28],"their":[30],"surroundings":[31],"becoming":[33],"increasingly":[34],"important.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"study":[38],"two":[39],"object-oriented":[40],"approaches":[41],"for":[42],"high-resolution":[43],"sealed":[46],"surfaces":[47],"are":[48,128],"compared:":[49],"a":[50,55,81,90,106,138],"standard":[51,73,123],"non-hierarchic":[52],"approach":[53,58,105],"full":[56],"hierarchic":[57,91,108,132],"using":[59],"both":[60],"multi-layer":[61,86,133],"perceptrons":[62],"decision":[64,103],"trees":[65],"as":[66,80],"learning":[67],"algorithms.":[68],"Both":[69],"methods":[70],"outperform":[71],"nearest":[74],"neighbour":[75],"classifier,":[76],"which":[77],"used":[79],"benchmark":[82],"scenario.":[83],"For":[84,101],"perceptron":[87,134],"approach,":[88],"applying":[89],"classification":[92,109,118,135],"strategy":[93,110],"substantially":[94],"increases":[95,155],"accuracy":[97,119],"classification.":[100],"tree":[104],"one-against-all":[107],"does":[111],"not":[112],"lead":[113],"to":[114,121,159],"an":[115],"improvement":[116],"compared":[120],"all-against-all":[124],"approach.":[125],"Best":[126],"results":[127],"obtained":[129],"with":[130],"strategy,":[136],"producing":[137],"kappa":[139,157],"value":[140,158],"0.77.":[142],"A":[143],"simple":[144],"shadow":[145],"reclassification":[146],"procedure":[147],"based":[148],"on":[149],"characteristics":[150],"neighbouring":[152],"objects":[153],"further":[154],"0.84.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
