{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403243584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196499","title":"A Calculation Method of Bearing Balls Rotational Vectors Based on Binocular Vision Three-Dimensional Coordinates Measurement","display_name":"A Calculation Method of Bearing Balls Rotational Vectors Based on Binocular Vision Three-Dimensional Coordinates Measurement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403243584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196499","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196499","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6499/pdf?version=1728552594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6499/pdf?version=1728552594","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104005235","display_name":"Wenbo Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032298172","display_name":"Junpeng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-8708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junpeng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049447801","display_name":"Wei Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9513-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008473103","display_name":"Hongyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-0162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119012","display_name":"Xichang University","ror":"https://ror.org/02h3fyk31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119012"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Xichang 615000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Xichang 615000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017410460","display_name":"Kelei Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004224207","display_name":"Ran Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-4426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032298172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6513,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69772057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"19","first_page":"6499","last_page":"6499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binocular-vision","display_name":"Binocular vision","score":0.6071585416793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bearing","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","score":0.6028959155082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6002647876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5216608047485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereopsis","display_name":"Stereopsis","score":0.44980987906455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4376530945301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43234002590179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4014870524406433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121958486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609543","display_name":"Binocular vision","level":2,"score":0.6071585416793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6028959155082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6002647876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5216608047485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68537008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247932","display_name":"Stereopsis","level":2,"score":0.44980987906455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4376530945301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43234002590179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4014870524406433}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196499","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6499/pdf?version=1728552594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39409539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11479336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11479336","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11479336/pdf/sensors-24-06499.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:075d0077d6b5413f913e3f679ed920c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/075d0077d6b5413f913e3f679ed920c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 19, p 6499 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196499","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6499/pdf?version=1728552594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403243584.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994711733","https://openalex.org/W1970898750","https://openalex.org/W1977798922","https://openalex.org/W1988504844","https://openalex.org/W1994324679","https://openalex.org/W2004676909","https://openalex.org/W2006568029","https://openalex.org/W2025644940","https://openalex.org/W2071478159","https://openalex.org/W2092270948","https://openalex.org/W2112089018","https://openalex.org/W2116180332","https://openalex.org/W2141577317","https://openalex.org/W2167694888","https://openalex.org/W2418967315","https://openalex.org/W2517860293","https://openalex.org/W2620654581","https://openalex.org/W2792839622","https://openalex.org/W2799570061","https://openalex.org/W2814334674","https://openalex.org/W2889613839","https://openalex.org/W2893038382","https://openalex.org/W2915317618","https://openalex.org/W2966283663","https://openalex.org/W2974076224","https://openalex.org/W2983835072","https://openalex.org/W3010727454","https://openalex.org/W3176836859","https://openalex.org/W4283716429","https://openalex.org/W4283801354","https://openalex.org/W4313443416","https://openalex.org/W4321196268","https://openalex.org/W4376956374","https://openalex.org/W4392662858","https://openalex.org/W4392986382","https://openalex.org/W4400617660","https://openalex.org/W6651421803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026531732","https://openalex.org/W2390004782","https://openalex.org/W2114267838","https://openalex.org/W2040136973","https://openalex.org/W166349606","https://openalex.org/W2356962014","https://openalex.org/W2391398703","https://openalex.org/W3165518400","https://openalex.org/W2031620013","https://openalex.org/W125675508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,230],"rotational":[1,18,256],"speed":[2,19,201,257],"vectors":[3,68],"of":[4,20,47,65,115,122,128,132,156,168,187,216,247,262,266],"the":[5,16,21,40,83,91,101,107,113,116,120,123,125,129,133,140,145,154,157,166,179,184,212,244,248,260,263],"bearing":[6,158,169,254,267],"balls":[7],"affect":[8],"their":[9,86],"service":[10],"life":[11],"and":[12,32,44,56,85,111,119,172,211,220,226,240,259],"running":[13],"performance.":[14],"Observing":[15],"actual":[17],"ball":[22,58,66,134,141,159,170],"is":[23,52,75],"a":[24,61,71,194,200,251],"prerequisite":[25],"for":[26,42,253],"revealing":[27],"its":[28],"true":[29],"motion":[30,59,131,143],"law":[31],"conducting":[33],"sliding":[34,173,264],"behavior":[35,265],"simulation":[36],"analysis.":[37],"To":[38],"address":[39],"need":[41],"accuracy":[43,239],"real-time":[45],"measurement":[46,63,148,155,181,195,214],"spin":[48,130,142,217],"angular":[49,218],"velocity,":[50],"which":[51],"also":[53],"under":[54],"high-frequency":[55],"high-speed":[57],"conditions,":[60],"new":[62],"method":[64,236],"rotation":[67,160,245],"based":[69,105,138],"on":[70,82,106,139],"binocular":[72],"vision":[73,147],"system":[74,94,182],"proposed.":[76],"Firstly,":[77],"marker":[78,117],"points":[79],"are":[80,95,223],"laid":[81],"balls,":[84],"three-dimensional":[87,146],"(3D)":[88],"coordinates":[89,109],"in":[90,97,242],"camera":[92],"coordinate":[93],"calculated":[96],"real":[98],"time":[99],"using":[100],"triangulation":[102],"principle.":[103],"Secondly,":[104],"3D":[108],"before":[110],"after":[112],"movement":[114],"point":[118],"trajectory":[121],"ball,":[124,249],"mathematical":[126],"model":[127],"was":[135,150],"established.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"model,":[144],"technology":[149],"first":[151],"applied":[152],"to":[153,205],"vector":[161,246],"through":[162],"formula":[163],"derivation,":[164],"achieving":[165],"analysis":[167,261],"rolling":[171],"characteristics.":[174],"Experimental":[175],"results":[176,232],"demonstrate":[177],"that":[178,234],"visual":[180],"with":[183],"frame":[185],"rate":[186],"100":[188],"FPS":[189],"(frames":[190],"per":[191,209],"second)":[192],"yields":[193],"error":[196],"within":[197],"\u00b10.2%":[198],"over":[199],"range":[202],"from":[203],"5":[204],"50":[206],"RPM":[207],"(revolutions":[208],"minute),":[210],"maximum":[213],"errors":[215],"velocity":[219,222],"linear":[221],"0.25":[224],"\u00b0/s":[225],"0.028":[227],"mm/s,":[228],"respectively.":[229],"experimental":[231],"show":[233],"this":[235],"has":[237],"good":[238],"stability":[241],"measuring":[243],"providing":[250],"reference":[252],"balls'":[255],"monitoring":[258],"balls.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}