{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402982830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196362","title":"Muscle Tone Assessment by Machine Learning Using Surface Electromyography","display_name":"Muscle Tone Assessment by Machine Learning Using Surface Electromyography","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402982830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196362","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6362/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6362/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045548761","display_name":"Andressa Rastrelo Rezende","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-2764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andressa Rastrelo Rezende","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-2764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038040594","display_name":"Camille Marques Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-1547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camille Marques Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-1547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008736605","display_name":"Isabela Alves Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-7328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabela Alves Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-7328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082564678","display_name":"Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-9556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106570","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01av3m334","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106570"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38065-430, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38065-430, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017068763","display_name":"Eduardo L\u00e1zaro Martins Naves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-723X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo L\u00e1zaro Martins Naves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-723X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045548761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85392085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"19","first_page":"6362","last_page":"6362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-tone","display_name":"Muscle tone","score":0.8374840021133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.7670079469680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.736130952835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5499040484428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5091421008110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47817283868789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic","display_name":"Spastic","score":0.4395601153373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.4216023087501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38483673334121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37990689277648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3761696219444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19205987453460693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147377","display_name":"Muscle tone","level":2,"score":0.8374840021133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.7670079469680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.736130952835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5499040484428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5091421008110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47817283868789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776195251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573993","display_name":"Spastic","level":3,"score":0.4395601153373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4216023087501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38483673334121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37990689277648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3761696219444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19205987453460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009129","descriptor_name":"Muscle Tonus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009129","descriptor_name":"Muscle Tonus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009129","descriptor_name":"Muscle Tonus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009129","descriptor_name":"Muscle Tonus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6362/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39409402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11479050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11479050","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11479050/pdf/sensors-24-06362.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc75eb3862984a25b7e0564ce712c9f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc75eb3862984a25b7e0564ce712c9f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 19, p 6362 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6362/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402982830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402982830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104756127","https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1975229496","https://openalex.org/W1983960824","https://openalex.org/W1986803273","https://openalex.org/W2016908740","https://openalex.org/W2032606733","https://openalex.org/W2057503177","https://openalex.org/W2082428232","https://openalex.org/W2096929469","https://openalex.org/W2118447350","https://openalex.org/W2130873978","https://openalex.org/W2396440954","https://openalex.org/W2602973674","https://openalex.org/W2750800253","https://openalex.org/W2761257328","https://openalex.org/W2771360666","https://openalex.org/W2792095488","https://openalex.org/W2899502658","https://openalex.org/W2905477865","https://openalex.org/W2999251631","https://openalex.org/W3038015669","https://openalex.org/W3081581291","https://openalex.org/W3094490010","https://openalex.org/W3111934523","https://openalex.org/W3133837885","https://openalex.org/W3142489394","https://openalex.org/W3162551984","https://openalex.org/W3167756020","https://openalex.org/W3212037454","https://openalex.org/W4213061225","https://openalex.org/W4242978464","https://openalex.org/W4308128288","https://openalex.org/W4311001914","https://openalex.org/W6604281243","https://openalex.org/W6638279038","https://openalex.org/W6782150090","https://openalex.org/W6791612012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W12935793","https://openalex.org/W1982151858","https://openalex.org/W2364263449","https://openalex.org/W2943861463","https://openalex.org/W2410092052","https://openalex.org/W2400014986","https://openalex.org/W3001559732","https://openalex.org/W1976021907","https://openalex.org/W2270082690","https://openalex.org/W2283016216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Muscle":[0,32],"tone":[1,33,54,102,156],"is":[2,13,23,34],"defined":[3],"as":[4,146],"the":[5,38,49,76,91,97,104,122,129,140,143,161,168,172,186],"resistance":[6],"to":[7,25,51,81,159],"passive":[8],"stretch,":[9],"but":[10],"this":[11],"definition":[12],"often":[14],"criticized":[15],"for":[16,30,90,153],"its":[17],"ambiguity":[18],"since":[19],"some":[20],"suggest":[21],"it":[22],"related":[24],"a":[26,69,147],"state":[27],"of":[28,71,96,100,121,142,163,188],"preparation":[29],"movement.":[31],"primarily":[35],"regulated":[36],"by":[37],"central":[39],"nervous":[40],"system,":[41],"and":[42,55,86,94,117,150,184],"individuals":[43],"with":[44,128],"neurological":[45],"disorders":[46],"may":[47],"lose":[48],"ability":[50],"control":[52],"normal":[53],"can":[56,178,191],"exhibit":[57],"abnormalities.":[58],"Currently,":[59],"these":[60],"abnormalities":[61],"are":[62],"mostly":[63],"evaluated":[64],"using":[65],"subjective":[66,165],"scales,":[67],"highlighting":[68],"lack":[70],"objective":[72,92],"assessment":[73],"methods":[74],"in":[75,103,133,181,185,194],"literature.":[77],"This":[78],"study":[79],"aimed":[80],"use":[82],"surface":[83],"electromyography":[84],"(sEMG)":[85],"machine":[87],"learning":[88],"(ML)":[89],"classification":[93],"characterization":[95],"full":[98],"spectrum":[99],"muscle":[101,135,155],"upper":[105],"limb.":[106],"Data":[107],"were":[108,175],"collected":[109],"from":[110],"thirty-nine":[111],"individuals,":[112],"including":[113],"spastic,":[114],"healthy,":[115],"hypotonic":[116],"rigid":[118],"subjects.":[119],"All":[120],"classifiers":[123],"applied":[124],"achieved":[125],"high":[126],"accuracy,":[127],"best":[130],"reaching":[131],"96.12%,":[132],"differentiating":[134],"tone.":[136],"These":[137],"results":[138],"underscore":[139],"potential":[141],"proposed":[144],"methodology":[145],"more":[148],"reliable":[149],"quantitative":[151],"method":[152],"evaluating":[154],"abnormalities,":[157],"aiming":[158],"address":[160],"limitations":[162],"traditional":[164],"assessments.":[166],"Additionally,":[167],"main":[169],"features":[170],"impacting":[171],"classifiers'":[173],"performance":[174],"identified,":[176],"which":[177],"be":[179,192],"utilized":[180],"future":[182],"research":[183],"development":[187],"devices":[189],"that":[190],"used":[193],"clinical":[195],"practice.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}