{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402984596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196349","title":"Mechanism-Based Fault Diagnosis Deep Learning Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","display_name":"Mechanism-Based Fault Diagnosis Deep Learning Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402984596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196349","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196349","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361244","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101607962","display_name":"Shenghui Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-9007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shenghui Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101822690","display_name":"Beiji Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-1097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beiji Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007897707","display_name":"Jiantao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-0982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-0982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101607962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.8914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96855973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"19","first_page":"6349","last_page":"6349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6774818897247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6736396551132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6505923271179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6322898864746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5493901371955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5125789046287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4865943193435669}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6774818897247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6736396551132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6505923271179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6322898864746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5493901371955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5125789046287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4865943193435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39409386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11478382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11478382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f81cbe50cde4dd89b2911df385b35b4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f81cbe50cde4dd89b2911df385b35b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 19, p 6349 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3158659018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023ZZTS0359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G663909470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372475","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020495941","https://openalex.org/W2080131071","https://openalex.org/W2080850924","https://openalex.org/W2519918482","https://openalex.org/W2558083732","https://openalex.org/W2734805976","https://openalex.org/W2802128760","https://openalex.org/W2810057162","https://openalex.org/W2887782657","https://openalex.org/W2902164950","https://openalex.org/W3006676164","https://openalex.org/W3026117520","https://openalex.org/W3090682168","https://openalex.org/W3091675418","https://openalex.org/W3096526468","https://openalex.org/W3120620542","https://openalex.org/W3153643928","https://openalex.org/W3159388551","https://openalex.org/W3192807145","https://openalex.org/W3197111027","https://openalex.org/W3213777593","https://openalex.org/W4226495041","https://openalex.org/W4280490686","https://openalex.org/W4281730786","https://openalex.org/W4284977914","https://openalex.org/W4285135129","https://openalex.org/W4293704312","https://openalex.org/W4312234909","https://openalex.org/W4312559197","https://openalex.org/W4319320225","https://openalex.org/W4321380783","https://openalex.org/W4367595583","https://openalex.org/W4385518063","https://openalex.org/W4387056581","https://openalex.org/W4391288556","https://openalex.org/W4394590281","https://openalex.org/W4395110118","https://openalex.org/W4396769674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2123759770","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278","https://openalex.org/W2886173746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,58,132],"important":[2],"driving":[3],"device,":[4],"the":[5,20,38,78,89],"permanent":[6],"magnet":[7],"synchronous":[8],"motor":[9],"(PMSM)":[10],"plays":[11],"a":[12,72,95,99],"critical":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,94,144],"modern":[16],"industrial":[17],"fields.":[18],"Given":[19],"harsh":[21],"working":[22],"environment,":[23],"research":[24],"into":[25],"accurate":[26],"PMSM":[27,42],"fault":[28,60],"diagnosis":[29,61,115],"methods":[30],"is":[31,75,102],"of":[32,41,84,135,146],"practical":[33],"significance.":[34],"Time-frequency":[35],"analysis":[36,74],"captures":[37],"rich":[39],"features":[40],"operating":[43],"conditions,":[44],"and":[45,69,81,87,106,114,141],"convolutional":[46],"neural":[47],"networks":[48],"(CNNs)":[49],"offer":[50],"excellent":[51],"feature":[52,91,112],"extraction":[53,113],"capabilities.":[54],"This":[55],"study":[56],"proposes":[57],"intelligent":[59],"method":[62,130],"based":[63],"on":[64,77],"continuous":[65],"wavelet":[66],"transform":[67],"(CWT)":[68],"CNNs.":[70],"Initially,":[71],"mechanism":[73],"conducted":[76],"inter-turn":[79,139],"short-circuit":[80,140],"demagnetization":[82,142],"faults":[83,143],"PMSMs,":[85],"identifying":[86],"displaying":[88],"key":[90],"frequency":[92],"range":[93],"time-frequency":[96,109],"format.":[97],"Subsequently,":[98],"CNN":[100],"model":[101],"developed":[103],"to":[104],"extract":[105],"classify":[107],"these":[108],"images.":[110],"The":[111,125],"results":[116,126],"are":[117],"visualized":[118],"with":[119],"t-distributed":[120],"stochastic":[121],"neighbor":[122],"embedding":[123],"(t-SNE).":[124],"demonstrate":[127],"that":[128],"our":[129],"achieves":[131],"accuracy":[133],"rate":[134],"over":[136],"98.6%":[137],"for":[138],"PMSMs":[145],"various":[147],"severities.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}