{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402826392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196201","title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Displacement for Railway Tunnel Lining Safety Monitoring","display_name":"Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Displacement for Railway Tunnel Lining Safety Monitoring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402826392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196201","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196201","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6201/pdf?version=1727253495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6201/pdf?version=1727253495","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059861484","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-1621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420955","display_name":"Yuhang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-4009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363729","display_name":"Jiarui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-9907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059861484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63582229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"19","first_page":"6201","last_page":"6201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.7491515874862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.7170699238777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.624990701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation-monitoring","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","score":0.6154282689094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-gauge","display_name":"Strain gauge","score":0.5542850494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-monitoring","display_name":"Safety monitoring","score":0.49540793895721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.49015530943870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating","display_name":"Grating","score":0.48153072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3482080101966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32306426763534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.2788296341896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.12430036067962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.09648007154464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08564049005508423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.7491515874862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7170699238777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.624990701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136428324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838414","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","level":3,"score":0.6154282689094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60584519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610723","display_name":"Strain gauge","level":2,"score":0.5542850494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900510","display_name":"Safety monitoring","level":2,"score":0.49540793895721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.49015530943870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.48153072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3482080101966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32306426763534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.2788296341896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.12430036067962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.09648007154464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08564049005508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196201","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6201/pdf?version=1727253495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39409241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39409241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11478644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11478644","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11478644/pdf/sensors-24-06201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:84b4d15d087c44a7aec2a02d1734227d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/84b4d15d087c44a7aec2a02d1734227d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 19, p 6201 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24196201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196201","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/19/6201/pdf?version=1727253495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402826392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402826392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041812800","https://openalex.org/W2052521757","https://openalex.org/W2161207739","https://openalex.org/W2260784170","https://openalex.org/W2371714755","https://openalex.org/W2593950401","https://openalex.org/W2744208450","https://openalex.org/W2989256313","https://openalex.org/W3010297818","https://openalex.org/W3035127101","https://openalex.org/W3037930154","https://openalex.org/W3047990707","https://openalex.org/W3049164216","https://openalex.org/W3082825301","https://openalex.org/W3120908380","https://openalex.org/W3133422144","https://openalex.org/W3185261941","https://openalex.org/W3187808729","https://openalex.org/W3197367581","https://openalex.org/W4206007559","https://openalex.org/W4214506442","https://openalex.org/W4224930816","https://openalex.org/W4225001005","https://openalex.org/W4256441468","https://openalex.org/W4284988667","https://openalex.org/W4285740753","https://openalex.org/W4291449443","https://openalex.org/W4291653170","https://openalex.org/W4310056614","https://openalex.org/W6709048011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210829434","https://openalex.org/W3217107642","https://openalex.org/W2361870257","https://openalex.org/W2387257118","https://openalex.org/W2389211467","https://openalex.org/W2376246291","https://openalex.org/W2390786763","https://openalex.org/W2369375884","https://openalex.org/W2772587335","https://openalex.org/W2380065338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,43,115,133],"dual-parameter":[4],"strain/displacement":[5],"safety":[6],"monitoring":[7,16,66,88],"technology":[8,131],"for":[9,120],"railway":[10,90],"tunnel":[11,40,91,116,142],"lining":[12,92,143],"structures.":[13,144],"An":[14],"integrated":[15],"system":[17],"with":[18,54],"FBG":[19,51],"(Fiber":[20],"Bragg":[21],"grating)":[22],"and":[23,36,74,86,122],"VDM":[24,98],"(video":[25],"displacement":[26],"meter)":[27],"components":[28],"was":[29,47,60,94],"used":[30,61],"to":[31,62,137],"monitor":[32,138],"both":[33],"the":[34,39,65,72,79,108,126,139],"strain":[35,52,82,118],"deformation":[37,93,124],"of":[38,89,102,141],"cross-section.":[41],"Initially,":[42],"comprehensive":[44],"experimental":[45],"study":[46,104],"carried":[48],"out":[49],"using":[50,97],"sensors":[53],"temperature-compensated":[55,58],"grating.":[56],"The":[57,68,130],"grating":[59],"further":[63],"improve":[64],"accuracy.":[67],"data":[69],"show":[70],"that":[71],"stability":[73],"accuracy":[75,119],"were":[76],"better":[77],"than":[78],"traditional":[80],"electronic":[81],"sensor.":[83],"Secondly,":[84],"high-precision":[85,135],"multipoint":[87],"achieved":[95],"by":[96],"technology.":[99],"Three":[100],"months":[101],"case":[103],"results":[105],"taken":[106],"from":[107],"Gansu":[109],"Railway":[110],"Tunnel":[111],"in":[112],"China":[113],"demonstrated":[114],"cross-section":[117],"microstrain":[121],"crown":[123],"at":[125],"submillimeter":[127],"level,":[128],"respectively.":[129],"provides":[132],"new":[134],"way":[136],"condition":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
