{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402600756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186035","title":"VAE-WACGAN: An Improved Data Augmentation Method Based on VAEGAN for Intrusion Detection","display_name":"VAE-WACGAN: An Improved Data Augmentation Method Based on VAEGAN for Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402600756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186035","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6035/pdf?version=1726807142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6035/pdf?version=1726807142","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090648390","display_name":"Wuxin Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098369","display_name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyv1r78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369","https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuxin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103128220","display_name":"Yanping Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-9203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098369","display_name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyv1r78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369","https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanping Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005276944","display_name":"Na Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3920-9262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098369","display_name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyv1r78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369","https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036900554","display_name":"Jing Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3923-925X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098369","display_name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyv1r78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369","https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing 101601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005945711","display_name":"Yanqing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-7757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanqing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103128220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.1985,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97512599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"18","first_page":"6035","last_page":"6035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8689062595367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7874478101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.758266270160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.6329304575920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6049535870552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6034761667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5406879782676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.48385369777679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4480481743812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42234572768211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33135950565338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.28692692518234253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8689062595367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7874478101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.758266270160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.6329304575920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6049535870552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6034761667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5406879782676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.48385369777679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4480481743812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42234572768211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33135950565338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.28692692518234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6035/pdf?version=1726807142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39338780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11435708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11435708","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11435708/pdf/sensors-24-06035.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ace9ad303b24fd29d61cd53efd3842f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ace9ad303b24fd29d61cd53efd3842f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 18, p 6035 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6035/pdf?version=1726807142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402600756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402600756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2108318847","https://openalex.org/W2136140045","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2158581396","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2202109488","https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2334853001","https://openalex.org/W2548275288","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2759043405","https://openalex.org/W2762776925","https://openalex.org/W2766315530","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2982853004","https://openalex.org/W3003969022","https://openalex.org/W3005805195","https://openalex.org/W3019117233","https://openalex.org/W3086638135","https://openalex.org/W3093621053","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3100100256","https://openalex.org/W3100777112","https://openalex.org/W3128595183","https://openalex.org/W3130982961","https://openalex.org/W3157331533","https://openalex.org/W3171364527","https://openalex.org/W3196434404","https://openalex.org/W3209772198","https://openalex.org/W3216759837","https://openalex.org/W4210743106","https://openalex.org/W4223912177","https://openalex.org/W4229046377","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4281701520","https://openalex.org/W4297394754","https://openalex.org/W4310034732","https://openalex.org/W4313425288","https://openalex.org/W4384917038","https://openalex.org/W4385627258","https://openalex.org/W4386065261","https://openalex.org/W4391046504","https://openalex.org/W4395673998","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6748503732","https://openalex.org/W6810271858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W2133389611","https://openalex.org/W2888032422","https://openalex.org/W4377980832","https://openalex.org/W2897769091","https://openalex.org/W2845413374","https://openalex.org/W3005996785","https://openalex.org/W4297411772","https://openalex.org/W4235873501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,33,38,50,58,72,78,81,86,100,112,118,122,144,149,153,158],"class":[3,29],"imbalance":[4],"issue":[5],"in":[6,171],"network":[7,102,113,173],"intrusion":[8,14,123,134,154,160],"detection,":[9],"which":[10],"degrades":[11],"performance":[12,120,150],"of":[13,74,80,121,152],"detection":[15,124,135,155,161],"models,":[16],"this":[17],"paper":[18],"proposes":[19],"a":[20],"novel":[21],"generative":[22],"model":[23,36,88],"called":[24],"VAE-WACGAN":[25,87,145],"to":[26,89],"generate":[27],"minority":[28],"samples":[30,76],"and":[31,57,77,116,138],"balance":[32],"dataset.":[34],"This":[35,108],"extends":[37],"Variational":[39],"Autoencoder":[40],"Generative":[41,53,60],"Adversarial":[42,54,61],"Network":[43,55,62],"(VAEGAN)":[44],"by":[45],"integrating":[46],"key":[47],"features":[48],"from":[49],"Auxiliary":[51],"Classifier":[52],"(ACGAN)":[56],"Wasserstein":[59],"with":[63],"Gradient":[64],"Penalty":[65],"(WGAN-GP).":[66],"These":[67],"enhancements":[68],"significantly":[69],"improve":[70],"both":[71],"quality":[73],"generated":[75],"stability":[79],"training":[82],"process.":[83],"By":[84],"utilizing":[85],"oversample":[90],"anomalous":[91],"data,":[92],"more":[93],"realistic":[94],"synthetic":[95],"anomalies":[96],"that":[97,143],"closely":[98],"mirror":[99],"actual":[101],"traffic":[103,114],"distribution":[104],"can":[105],"be":[106],"generated.":[107],"approach":[109,162],"effectively":[110,147],"balances":[111],"dataset":[115],"enhances":[117,148],"overall":[119],"model.":[125,156],"Experimental":[126],"validation":[127],"was":[128],"conducted":[129],"using":[130],"two":[131],"widely":[132],"utilized":[133],"datasets,":[136],"UNSW-NB15":[137],"CIC-IDS2017.":[139],"The":[140],"results":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"method":[146],"metrics":[151],"Furthermore,":[157],"VAE-WACGAN-based":[159],"surpasses":[163],"several":[164],"other":[165],"advanced":[166],"methods,":[167],"underscoring":[168],"its":[169],"effectiveness":[170],"tackling":[172],"security":[174],"challenges.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}