{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402616809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186007","title":"Dmg2Former-AR: Vision Transformers with Adaptive Rescaling for High-Resolution Structural Visual Inspection","display_name":"Dmg2Former-AR: Vision Transformers with Adaptive Rescaling for High-Resolution Structural Visual Inspection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402616809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6007/pdf?version=1727231344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6007/pdf?version=1727231344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086412282","display_name":"Kareem Eltouny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-2297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kareem Eltouny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA","Structural Mechanics & Materials Division, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Waltham, MA 02451, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-2297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Structural Mechanics & Materials Division, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Waltham, MA 02451, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084538397","display_name":"Seyed Omid Sajedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4552-4794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149477","display_name":"Thornton Tomasetti (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rmh9q90","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyedomid Sajedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CORE Studio, Thornton Tomasetti, New York, NY 10271, USA","Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CORE Studio, Thornton Tomasetti, New York, NY 10271, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025952499","display_name":"Xiao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-8759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-8759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025952499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":1.4815,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82554973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"18","first_page":"6007","last_page":"6007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-inspection","display_name":"Visual inspection","score":0.7363852262496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5691013932228088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5627010464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5271543860435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.48652878403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4454162120819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.41790491342544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37054964900016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16122272610664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.12816956639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11761486530303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10608810186386108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168820333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448889","display_name":"Visual inspection","level":2,"score":0.7363852262496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5691013932228088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5627010464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5271543860435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.48652878403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4454162120819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.41790491342544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37054964900016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16122272610664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.12816956639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11761486530303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10608810186386108}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6007/pdf?version=1727231344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39338752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11436102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11436102","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11436102/pdf/sensors-24-06007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d54521b6ed1472ab77d7f212400810f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d54521b6ed1472ab77d7f212400810f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 18, p 6007 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6007/pdf?version=1727231344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402616809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402616809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1671068779","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2005029343","https://openalex.org/W2050248078","https://openalex.org/W2086373542","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2144801789","https://openalex.org/W2325975990","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2607041014","https://openalex.org/W2748643398","https://openalex.org/W2782408838","https://openalex.org/W2798655820","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2885430516","https://openalex.org/W2889985731","https://openalex.org/W2903155537","https://openalex.org/W2912350898","https://openalex.org/W2941356554","https://openalex.org/W2951523806","https://openalex.org/W2958006772","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2964308596","https://openalex.org/W2973669391","https://openalex.org/W2981911239","https://openalex.org/W2982284503","https://openalex.org/W2995193699","https://openalex.org/W3029797938","https://openalex.org/W3035719708","https://openalex.org/W3037946796","https://openalex.org/W3040855861","https://openalex.org/W3093478663","https://openalex.org/W3094166660","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3099319035","https://openalex.org/W3121502091","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3177456145","https://openalex.org/W3193148745","https://openalex.org/W3193768753","https://openalex.org/W3204895639","https://openalex.org/W4206574562","https://openalex.org/W4220801936","https://openalex.org/W4281750281","https://openalex.org/W4281874032","https://openalex.org/W4292297791","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4296128967","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4313558962","https://openalex.org/W4315572451","https://openalex.org/W4317721455","https://openalex.org/W4323816641","https://openalex.org/W4324093967","https://openalex.org/W4328117340","https://openalex.org/W4362594017","https://openalex.org/W4366823201","https://openalex.org/W4385555640","https://openalex.org/W4385727812","https://openalex.org/W4385804869","https://openalex.org/W4390479310","https://openalex.org/W4392561748","https://openalex.org/W4395112013","https://openalex.org/W4395675312","https://openalex.org/W4399046100","https://openalex.org/W4400042845","https://openalex.org/W4401584274","https://openalex.org/W6621378261","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2781569684","https://openalex.org/W2478098815","https://openalex.org/W4290692565","https://openalex.org/W2371486462","https://openalex.org/W1540410989","https://openalex.org/W2012220638","https://openalex.org/W1987385378","https://openalex.org/W2794901953","https://openalex.org/W2762725308","https://openalex.org/W2132335896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developments":[0],"in":[1,32,108,190],"drones":[2],"and":[3,17,54,82,130,177,195],"imaging":[4],"hardware":[5],"technology":[6],"have":[7],"opened":[8],"up":[9],"countless":[10],"possibilities":[11],"for":[12,92,120],"enhancing":[13],"structural":[14],"condition":[15],"assessments":[16],"visual":[18,152,167],"inspections.":[19],"However,":[20],"processing":[21,121],"the":[22,33,102,127,145,183,187],"inspection":[23,153,168],"images":[24,98,123],"requires":[25],"considerable":[26],"work":[27],"hours,":[28],"leading":[29],"to":[30,149],"delays":[31],"assessment":[34],"process.":[35],"This":[36,89],"study":[37,110],"presents":[38],"a":[39,134,139,160],"semantic":[40],"segmentation":[41,136],"architecture":[42],"that":[43,62,117,143],"integrates":[44],"vision":[45],"transformers":[46],"with":[47,138],"Laplacian":[48],"pyramid":[49],"scaling":[50],"networks,":[51],"enabling":[52],"rapid":[53],"accurate":[55],"pixel-level":[56],"damage":[57,94],"detection.":[58],"Unlike":[59],"conventional":[60],"methods":[61],"often":[63],"lose":[64],"critical":[65],"details":[66],"through":[67,159],"resampling":[68],"or":[69],"cropping":[70],"high-resolution":[71,97,122],"images,":[72],"our":[73,157],"approach":[74],"preserves":[75],"essential":[76],"inspection-related":[77],"information":[78],"such":[79,173],"as":[80,174],"microcracks":[81],"edges":[83],"using":[84],"non-uniform":[85],"image":[86],"rescaling":[87,115],"networks.":[88],"innovation":[90],"allows":[91],"detailed":[93,151],"identification":[95],"of":[96,162,186,192],"while":[99,124],"significantly":[100,125],"reducing":[101,126],"computational":[103,128,147,184],"demands.":[104],"Our":[105],"main":[106],"contributions":[107],"this":[109],"are:":[111],"(1)":[112],"proposing":[113,132],"two":[114],"networks":[116],"together":[118],"allow":[119],"demands;":[129],"(2)":[131],"Dmg2Former,":[133],"low-resolution":[135],"network":[137],"Swin":[140],"Transformer":[141],"backbone":[142],"leverages":[144],"saved":[146],"resources":[148],"produce":[150],"masks.":[154],"We":[155],"validate":[156],"method":[158],"series":[161],"experiments":[163],"on":[164],"publicly":[165],"available":[166],"datasets,":[169],"addressing":[170],"various":[171],"tasks":[172],"crack":[175],"detection":[176],"material":[178],"identification.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"we":[181],"examine":[182],"efficiency":[185],"adaptive":[188],"rescalers":[189],"terms":[191],"multiply-accumulate":[193],"operations":[194],"GPU-memory":[196],"requirements.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-24T07:32:12.397491","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}