{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402785787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186001","title":"A Quasi-Isotropic Probe for High-Power Microwave Field Measurement","display_name":"A Quasi-Isotropic Probe for High-Power Microwave Field Measurement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402785787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186001","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6001/pdf?version=1726480641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6001/pdf?version=1726480641","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058713952","display_name":"Roman Kubacki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-059X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roman Kubacki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-059X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018430545","display_name":"Dariusz Laskowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-0350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariusz Laskowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-0350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000894141","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Bia\u0142ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-5786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 Bia\u0142ek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-5786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056214281","display_name":"Marek Kuchta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-7146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Kuchta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058713952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07942015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"18","first_page":"6001","last_page":"6001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6614478826522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.536639928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.5302642583847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-measurement","display_name":"Antenna measurement","score":0.5114434957504272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.49340811371803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole","display_name":"Dipole","score":0.4837510585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4767273962497711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.45445868372917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4145393669605255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4059562087059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3926629424095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35063374042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26714181900024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16290420293807983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6614478826522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.536639928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.5302642583847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.5114434957504272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.49340811371803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.4837510585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4767273962497711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.45445868372917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4145393669605255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4059562087059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3926629424095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35063374042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26714181900024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16290420293807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6001/pdf?version=1726480641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39338746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11435852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11435852","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11435852/pdf/sensors-24-06001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d11cc26cd00344028bb7fef32ac351ef","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d11cc26cd00344028bb7fef32ac351ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 18, p 6001 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24186001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6001/pdf?version=1726480641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402785787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402785787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600939556","https://openalex.org/W2043041333","https://openalex.org/W2047492005","https://openalex.org/W2083155250","https://openalex.org/W2103305583","https://openalex.org/W2129420450","https://openalex.org/W2331920073","https://openalex.org/W3127863045","https://openalex.org/W3208028517","https://openalex.org/W4385839495","https://openalex.org/W6702654501","https://openalex.org/W6780234630","https://openalex.org/W7011548468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024928576","https://openalex.org/W2941804803","https://openalex.org/W4226336911","https://openalex.org/W2038535043","https://openalex.org/W2028447204","https://openalex.org/W2529724870","https://openalex.org/W1992735946","https://openalex.org/W2124102346","https://openalex.org/W2371791300","https://openalex.org/W2727630823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,42,82,91,101,107,112,121,128,139,148],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,7,57,132,158,164,175],"new":[4,133],"design":[5],"of":[6,45,55,84,123,141],"quasi-isotropic":[8,166],"antenna":[9,93,130,150],"for":[10,29,65],"high-power":[11,89],"electromagnetic":[12],"(EM)":[13],"field":[14,47,59,146],"measurement":[15,54],"is":[16,27,60,79,94],"presented,":[17],"along":[18],"with":[19],"its":[20],"investigation":[21],"into":[22],"suitability.":[23],"The":[24,53,76,169],"measuring":[25,142],"probe":[26,78,171],"intended":[28],"assessing":[30],"pulsed":[31],"microwaves,":[32],"which":[33,116],"cannot":[34],"be":[35,118],"measured":[36],"by":[37,74],"available":[38],"meters":[39],"due":[40],"to":[41,63,181],"high":[43],"value":[44],"electric":[46],"strength":[48],"and":[49],"short":[50],"pulse":[51],"duration.":[52],"such":[56],"strong":[58],"required":[61],"according":[62],"guidelines":[64],"protecting":[66],"people":[67],"against":[68],"microwave":[69,124],"fields,":[70],"especially":[71],"those":[72],"emitted":[73],"radars.":[75],"proposed":[77,170],"based":[80,152],"on":[81,153],"concept":[83],"dipole-diode":[85],"detection.":[86],"To":[87,126],"enable":[88],"measurement,":[90],"receiving":[92,149],"electrically":[95],"\"small,\"":[96],"allowing":[97],"diode":[98,102],"detection":[99],"within":[100,157],"square-law":[103],"characteristics":[104],"range.":[105],"Additionally,":[106],"shortened":[108],"dipole":[109,134],"length":[110],"minimizes":[111],"spatial":[113],"integration":[114],"error,":[115],"can":[117,172],"significant":[119],"in":[120,174],"case":[122],"measurement.":[125],"obtain":[127],"desired":[129],"polarization,":[131],"geometry":[135],"was":[136,151],"proposed.":[137],"Fulfilling":[138],"requirement":[140],"all":[143],"incident":[144],"EM":[145],"polarizations,":[147],"three":[154],"dipoles":[155],"arranged":[156],"specific":[159],"\"magic\"":[160],"angular":[161],"arrangement,":[162],"ensuring":[163],"suitable":[165],"radiation":[167],"pattern.":[168],"operate":[173],"frequency":[176],"range":[177],"from":[178],"1":[179],"GHz":[180],"12":[182],"GHz.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}