{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402817303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185991","title":"A Method for the Pattern Recognition of Acoustic Emission Signals Using Blind Source Separation and a CNN for Online Corrosion Monitoring in Pipelines with Interference from Flow-Induced Noise","display_name":"A Method for the Pattern Recognition of Acoustic Emission Signals Using Blind Source Separation and a CNN for Online Corrosion Monitoring in Pipelines with Interference from Flow-Induced Noise","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402817303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185991","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185991","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/5991/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/5991/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329547","display_name":"Xueqin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8744-850X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153482","display_name":"Changzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ymgwq66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xueqin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105470617","display_name":"Shilin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386132","display_name":"Ying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-3793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153482","display_name":"Changzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ymgwq66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017704773","display_name":"Yun Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-8010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102376331","display_name":"Mingguo Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153482","display_name":"Changzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ymgwq66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingguo Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100329547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9899,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85359253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"18","first_page":"5991","last_page":"5991"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signal-separation","display_name":"Blind signal separation","score":0.6666790246963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-emission","display_name":"Acoustic emission","score":0.6472640633583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6377925276756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6320570707321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.5889348387718201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5792407393455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.5654566884040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5570792555809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5179051756858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49884939193725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40468505024909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38151228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3437841832637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3102346360683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12059018015861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11618328094482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07471814751625061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.6666790246963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174598085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746673","display_name":"Acoustic emission","level":2,"score":0.6472640633583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6377925276756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6320570707321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.5889348387718201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5792407393455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5654566884040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5570792555809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5179051756858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49884939193725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40468505024909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38151228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3437841832637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3102346360683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12059018015861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11618328094482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07471814751625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185991","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/5991/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39338735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11435983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11435983","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11435983/pdf/sensors-24-05991.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14ada2893d864e1ba32eb269bccfbd90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14ada2893d864e1ba32eb269bccfbd90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 18, p 5991 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185991","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/5991/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3380548082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3010500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4522729541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52130511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6047272369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52075175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402817303.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051114789","https://openalex.org/W2075947264","https://openalex.org/W2801763500","https://openalex.org/W2896481209","https://openalex.org/W2946433709","https://openalex.org/W2954641665","https://openalex.org/W2969752023","https://openalex.org/W3084475696","https://openalex.org/W3085777936","https://openalex.org/W3117948352","https://openalex.org/W3119254792","https://openalex.org/W3119267593","https://openalex.org/W3215684414","https://openalex.org/W3216613031","https://openalex.org/W3217434705","https://openalex.org/W4200422624","https://openalex.org/W4213314633","https://openalex.org/W4220763605","https://openalex.org/W4224256377","https://openalex.org/W4281483117","https://openalex.org/W4285122280","https://openalex.org/W4287149218","https://openalex.org/W4295308297","https://openalex.org/W4298392723","https://openalex.org/W4307811254","https://openalex.org/W4310527028","https://openalex.org/W4313415302","https://openalex.org/W4317726562","https://openalex.org/W4388139891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390344110","https://openalex.org/W2046761971","https://openalex.org/W2364896863","https://openalex.org/W2361066326","https://openalex.org/W2182042810","https://openalex.org/W2156932837","https://openalex.org/W2380698615","https://openalex.org/W374502268","https://openalex.org/W2103029460","https://openalex.org/W1785857632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,51,67,122],"critical":[2],"component":[3,94],"in":[4,28,46],"industrial":[5],"production,":[6],"pipelines":[7],"face":[8],"the":[9,33,40,75,84,102,106,110,134,138,148,151,163,178,186,191],"risk":[10],"of":[11,35,42,154,166,175,180,190],"failure":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,82,100,116,120,128],"long-term":[15],"corrosion.":[16],"In":[17],"recent":[18],"years,":[19],"acoustic":[20,43],"emission":[21,44],"(AE)":[22],"technology":[23,45],"has":[24],"demonstrated":[25],"significant":[26],"potential":[27],"online":[29,55],"pipeline":[30,47,56,139],"monitoring.":[31,49],"However,":[32],"interference":[34],"flow-induced":[36,167],"noise":[37,168],"seriously":[38],"hinders":[39],"application":[41],"corrosion":[48,155,176],"Therefore,":[50],"pattern-recognition":[52],"model":[53,192],"for":[54,150],"AE":[57,86,142],"monitoring":[58],"signals":[59,104,143,169,182],"based":[60,146],"on":[61,147],"blind":[62],"source":[63,103,118],"separation":[64,179],"(BSS)":[65],"and":[66,127,130,141,185],"convolutional":[68],"neural":[69],"network":[70],"(CNN)":[71],"is":[72,170,183],"proposed.":[73],"First,":[74],"singular":[76],"spectrum":[77],"analysis":[78,95],"(SSA)":[79],"was":[80,97,114,144],"employed":[81],"transform":[83,112],"original":[85],"signal":[87,119],"into":[88],"multiple":[89],"observed":[90],"signals.":[91,108,156],"An":[92],"independent":[93],"(ICA)":[96],"then":[98],"utilized":[99],"separate":[101],"from":[105],"mixed":[107,181],"Subsequently,":[109],"Hilbert-Huang":[111],"(HHT)":[113],"applied":[115],"each":[117],"obtain":[121],"joint":[123],"time-frequency":[124],"domain":[125],"map":[126],"construct":[129],"compress":[131],"it.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"mapping":[135],"relationship":[136],"between":[137],"sources":[140],"established":[145],"CNN":[149],"precise":[152],"identification":[153],"The":[157],"experimental":[158],"data":[159],"indicate":[160],"that":[161,174],"when":[162],"average":[164],"amplitude":[165],"within":[171],"three":[172],"times":[173],"signals,":[177],"effective,":[184],"overall":[187],"recognition":[188],"accuracy":[189],"exceeds":[193],"90%.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}