{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402791801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185974","title":"MRSNet: Multi-Resolution Scale Feature Fusion-Based Universal Density Counting Network","display_name":"MRSNet: Multi-Resolution Scale Feature Fusion-Based Universal Density Counting Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402791801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185974","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185974","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115603611","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-4724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628752","display_name":"Wei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5888-3657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ethnic Language Intelligent Analysis and Security Governance of MOE, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","Language Information Security Research Center, Institute of National Security MUC, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","National Language Resource Monitoring and Research Center of Minority Languages, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ethnic Language Intelligent Analysis and Security Governance of MOE, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Information Security Research Center, Institute of National Security MUC, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Language Resource Monitoring and Research Center of Minority Languages, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103030759","display_name":"Mingyue Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8556-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyue Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103028378","display_name":"Xiangchun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-2265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangchun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100628752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1532517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"18","first_page":"5974","last_page":"5974"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6815417408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6232362389564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5871585011482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5762271285057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.509264349937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.46532127261161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.45993566513061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41939643025398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3511331081390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3239932656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19366797804832458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6815417408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6232362389564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5871585011482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5762271285057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.509264349937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.46532127261161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.45993566513061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41939643025398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3511331081390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3239932656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19366797804832458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39338718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11436111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11436111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ac7b56c7b3ba430583d37c793004cfb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ac7b56c7b3ba430583d37c793004cfb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 18, p 5974 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3761044165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52071349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1203557841","https://openalex.org/W1974312113","https://openalex.org/W1987118352","https://openalex.org/W1992825118","https://openalex.org/W2004815011","https://openalex.org/W2028684962","https://openalex.org/W2096246546","https://openalex.org/W2116022929","https://openalex.org/W2116685941","https://openalex.org/W2117172387","https://openalex.org/W2118704323","https://openalex.org/W2120815373","https://openalex.org/W2123175289","https://openalex.org/W2139479830","https://openalex.org/W2145983039","https://openalex.org/W2147221461","https://openalex.org/W2151666244","https://openalex.org/W2158979073","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2207893099","https://openalex.org/W2294187070","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2516908515","https://openalex.org/W2520723410","https://openalex.org/W2734511492","https://openalex.org/W2883929025","https://openalex.org/W2886443245","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2962854645","https://openalex.org/W2963402313","https://openalex.org/W2963499661","https://openalex.org/W2963693541","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2964285767","https://openalex.org/W2967069910","https://openalex.org/W2972350665","https://openalex.org/W2982014038","https://openalex.org/W2994751959","https://openalex.org/W2996703886","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3007175960","https://openalex.org/W3015549442","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3034785991","https://openalex.org/W3084883754","https://openalex.org/W3087861058","https://openalex.org/W3092787802","https://openalex.org/W3101165561","https://openalex.org/W3109157205","https://openalex.org/W3117941406","https://openalex.org/W3126263946","https://openalex.org/W3126329292","https://openalex.org/W3176047859","https://openalex.org/W3176458063","https://openalex.org/W3201782689","https://openalex.org/W3203845557","https://openalex.org/W4205890571","https://openalex.org/W4212775340","https://openalex.org/W4214828374","https://openalex.org/W4293723966","https://openalex.org/W4307203027","https://openalex.org/W4312791242","https://openalex.org/W4312826597","https://openalex.org/W4319300985","https://openalex.org/W4377696102","https://openalex.org/W4382567984","https://openalex.org/W4386075524","https://openalex.org/W4396857200","https://openalex.org/W6674553168","https://openalex.org/W6675414879","https://openalex.org/W6681368121","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6763278908","https://openalex.org/W6783507135","https://openalex.org/W6785789763","https://openalex.org/W6789686130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2590798552","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4292523377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,164],"the":[4,56,74,169],"problem":[5],"of":[6],"dense":[7,11],"object":[8,15,154,177],"counting.":[9],"In":[10],"scenes,":[12],"variations":[13,152],"in":[14,153,174],"scales":[16,136],"and":[17,109,117],"uneven":[18],"distributions":[19],"greatly":[20],"hinder":[21],"counting":[22,85,99,141,158],"accuracy.":[23,159],"The":[24],"current":[25],"methods,":[26],"whether":[27],"CNNs":[28],"with":[29,36],"fixed":[30,37],"convolutional":[31],"kernel":[32],"sizes":[33],"or":[34],"Transformers":[35],"attention":[38,121],"sizes,":[39,116],"struggle":[40],"to":[41,51,55,106,123],"handle":[42],"such":[43],"variability":[44],"effectively.":[45],"Lower-resolution":[46],"features":[47,60,71,133],"are":[48,61],"more":[49,62],"sensitive":[50],"larger":[52],"objects":[53,66],"closer":[54],"camera,":[57],"while":[58],"higher-resolution":[59],"efficient":[63],"for":[64,83,140],"smaller":[65],"further":[67],"away.":[68],"Thus,":[69],"preserving":[70],"that":[72],"carry":[73],"most":[75],"relevant":[76],"information":[77,126],"at":[78,127],"each":[79,128],"scale":[80,94,178],"is":[81],"crucial":[82],"improving":[84],"precision.":[86],"Motivated":[87],"by":[88,130,150],"this,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"a":[92],"multi-resolution":[93],"feature":[95,125],"fusion-based":[96],"universal":[97],"density":[98,138],"network":[100,145],"(MRSNet).":[101],"It":[102],"utilizes":[103],"independent":[104],"modules":[105],"process":[107],"high-":[108],"low-resolution":[110],"features,":[111],"adaptively":[112],"adjusts":[113],"receptive":[114],"field":[115],"incorporates":[118],"dynamic":[119],"sparse":[120],"mechanisms":[122],"optimize":[124],"resolution,":[129],"integrating":[131],"optimal":[132],"across":[134],"multiple":[135],"into":[137],"maps":[139],"evaluation.":[142],"Our":[143],"proposed":[144],"effectively":[146],"mitigates":[147],"issues":[148],"caused":[149],"large":[151],"scales,":[155],"thereby":[156],"enhancing":[157],"Furthermore,":[160],"extensive":[161],"quantitative":[162],"analyses":[163],"six":[165],"public":[166],"datasets":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"algorithm's":[170],"strong":[171],"generalization":[172],"ability":[173],"handling":[175],"diverse":[176],"variations.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
