{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402818581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185972","title":"Near-Surface Air Temperature Estimation Based on an Improved Conditional Generative Adversarial Network","display_name":"Near-Surface Air Temperature Estimation Based on an Improved Conditional Generative Adversarial Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402818581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185972","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185972","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101513130","display_name":"Jiaqi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102902731","display_name":"Xi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8296-533X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428848","display_name":"Xiaojie Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101667956","display_name":"Jing Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3852-9829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101667956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3529,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5620894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"18","first_page":"5972","last_page":"5972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.6818076372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5928636789321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5682529807090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5161486864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47406190633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.45566433668136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.43875256180763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40993043780326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.39722850918769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37849748134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3614455461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.34170499444007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3413170278072357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31055715680122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17438200116157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14845553040504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11380019783973694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.6818076372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5928636789321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5682529807090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5161486864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47406190633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.45566433668136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.43875256180763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40993043780326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.39722850918769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37849748134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3614455461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.34170499444007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3413170278072357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31055715680122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17438200116157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14845553040504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11380019783973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39338717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39338717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11436124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11436124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab9de087100a4edab42f5d84ed54a758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab9de087100a4edab42f5d84ed54a758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 18, p 5972 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24185972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4048836449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24ZDYF0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5628812647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FY-APP-2022.0609","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994899413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 42075142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7269290358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7654950576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYTD202330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1975788826","https://openalex.org/W1995303152","https://openalex.org/W1999081160","https://openalex.org/W2006476353","https://openalex.org/W2018097694","https://openalex.org/W2018318189","https://openalex.org/W2020977453","https://openalex.org/W2039240409","https://openalex.org/W2057577357","https://openalex.org/W2179738695","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2232647241","https://openalex.org/W2372729118","https://openalex.org/W2557410000","https://openalex.org/W2564506044","https://openalex.org/W2590366910","https://openalex.org/W2607336919","https://openalex.org/W2903707521","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963522749","https://openalex.org/W2977666392","https://openalex.org/W3005739096","https://openalex.org/W3013721724","https://openalex.org/W3014089499","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3092290657","https://openalex.org/W3120528376","https://openalex.org/W3166762869","https://openalex.org/W3193508667","https://openalex.org/W3197325378","https://openalex.org/W3207858308","https://openalex.org/W4283168768","https://openalex.org/W4292651749","https://openalex.org/W4311187059","https://openalex.org/W4312851276","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4383554538","https://openalex.org/W4387449178","https://openalex.org/W4388072945","https://openalex.org/W4395116024","https://openalex.org/W6801481129","https://openalex.org/W6847598767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3217069185","https://openalex.org/W4308928038","https://openalex.org/W3049340819","https://openalex.org/W4200430540","https://openalex.org/W3141413246","https://openalex.org/W4322709305","https://openalex.org/W2808862658","https://openalex.org/W4391899165","https://openalex.org/W3010213975","https://openalex.org/W3212467043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,12,40,61,68,75,80,84,90,105,114,118,136,142,165,176,190,194],"issue":[3],"of":[4,15,44,79,139,170,193],"missing":[5],"near-surface":[6,25,69,198],"air":[7,26,70,147,199],"temperature":[8,27,71,148,200],"data":[9,53],"caused":[10],"by":[11],"uneven":[13],"distribution":[14],"ground":[16],"meteorological":[17,46],"observation":[18],"stations,":[19],"we":[20],"propose":[21],"a":[22,93,123],"method":[23,81,166],"for":[24,60,197],"estimation":[28,72],"based":[29,82],"on":[30,83],"an":[31],"improved":[32],"conditional":[33,57,85],"generative":[34,86],"adversarial":[35,87],"network":[36,77,88],"(CGAN)":[37],"framework.":[38],"Leveraging":[39],"all-weather":[41],"coverage":[42],"advantage":[43],"Fengyun":[45,119],"satellites,":[47],"Fengyun-4A":[48],"(FY-4A)":[49],"satellite":[50,120],"remote":[51],"sensing":[52],"are":[54],"utilized":[55],"as":[56,104],"guiding":[58],"information":[59,111,116],"CGAN,":[62],"helping":[63],"to":[64,134],"direct":[65],"and":[66,96,112,127,141,160,172,182],"constrain":[67],"process.":[73],"In":[74],"proposed":[76,195],"model":[78,196],"structure,":[89,144],"generator":[91],"combining":[92],"self-attention":[94],"mechanism":[95],"cascaded":[97],"residual":[98],"blocks":[99],"is":[100,132],"designed":[101],"with":[102,125,156],"U-Net":[103],"backbone,":[106],"which":[107],"extracts":[108],"implicit":[109],"feature":[110,130],"suppresses":[113],"irrelevant":[115],"in":[117,175],"data.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"discriminator":[124],"multi-level":[126],"multi-scale":[128],"spatial":[129],"fusion":[131],"constructed":[133],"enhance":[135],"network's":[137],"perception":[138],"details":[140],"global":[143],"enabling":[145],"accurate":[146],"estimation.":[149,201],"The":[150],"experimental":[151],"results":[152,188],"demonstrate":[153],"that,":[154],"compared":[155],"Attention":[157],"U-Net,":[158],"Pix2pix,":[159],"other":[161],"deep":[162],"learning":[163],"models,":[164],"presents":[167],"significant":[168],"improvements":[169],"68.75%":[171],"10.53%,":[173],"respectively":[174],"root":[177],"mean":[178],"square":[179],"error":[180],"(RMSE)":[181],"Pearson's":[183],"correlation":[184],"coefficient":[185],"(CC).":[186],"These":[187],"indicate":[189],"superior":[191],"performance":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
