{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402375269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175838","title":"Enhancing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Security: A Zero-Knowledge Proof Approach with Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge for Authentication and Location Proof","display_name":"Enhancing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Security: A Zero-Knowledge Proof Approach with Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge for Authentication and Location Proof","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402375269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175838","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175838","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5838/pdf?version=1725799525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5838/pdf?version=1725799525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093093160","display_name":"Athanasios Koulianos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3744-4471"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Koulianos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3744-4471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085036066","display_name":"Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8005-0431"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8005-0431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052912203","display_name":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03af\u03c4\u03ba\u03b5","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-2559"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Litke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-2559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025095400","display_name":"Nikolaos Papadakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-9565"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos K. Papadakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-9565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infili Technologies, 15572 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093093160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":10.0277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97989761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"17","first_page":"5838","last_page":"5838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.9000927805900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.8337193727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.7311532497406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6509321928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.632846474647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6021931767463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.583700954914093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.557396650314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4599117636680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12878644466400146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.9000927805900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8337193727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.7311532497406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6509321928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.632846474647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6021931767463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.583700954914093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.557396650314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4599117636680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12878644466400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175838","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5838/pdf?version=1725799525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39275749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11398126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11398126","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11398126/pdf/sensors-24-05838.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5413dc7f6c4e4a679719f718aff43cb6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5413dc7f6c4e4a679719f718aff43cb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 17, p 5838 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175838","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5838/pdf?version=1725799525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402375269.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402375269.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1626619708","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W2018746447","https://openalex.org/W2113274749","https://openalex.org/W2152005134","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2743347828","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2940459376","https://openalex.org/W2945919750","https://openalex.org/W2948043589","https://openalex.org/W2953480947","https://openalex.org/W2964266016","https://openalex.org/W2965135529","https://openalex.org/W2966657623","https://openalex.org/W2982474429","https://openalex.org/W2990181228","https://openalex.org/W3008565796","https://openalex.org/W3008841936","https://openalex.org/W3017089210","https://openalex.org/W3033654772","https://openalex.org/W3039137470","https://openalex.org/W3046632956","https://openalex.org/W3048597376","https://openalex.org/W3097686659","https://openalex.org/W3126728199","https://openalex.org/W3129562788","https://openalex.org/W3134424010","https://openalex.org/W3136753322","https://openalex.org/W3138755759","https://openalex.org/W3152617045","https://openalex.org/W3159183204","https://openalex.org/W3165076188","https://openalex.org/W3194056928","https://openalex.org/W3215477906","https://openalex.org/W4200335308","https://openalex.org/W4213455517","https://openalex.org/W4287729881","https://openalex.org/W4290716241","https://openalex.org/W4292231507","https://openalex.org/W4304944448","https://openalex.org/W4307139962","https://openalex.org/W4380682691","https://openalex.org/W4384161756","https://openalex.org/W4387780417","https://openalex.org/W4392796487","https://openalex.org/W4392928519","https://openalex.org/W6770381254","https://openalex.org/W6773970062","https://openalex.org/W6804852260","https://openalex.org/W6805332818","https://openalex.org/W6863069876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970588133","https://openalex.org/W2022025391","https://openalex.org/W2163538620","https://openalex.org/W3036179535","https://openalex.org/W1567449721","https://openalex.org/W3037184231","https://openalex.org/W1598473030","https://openalex.org/W2953172612","https://openalex.org/W4385763783","https://openalex.org/W4392845560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UAVs":[0,66],"are":[1,59,102],"increasingly":[2],"being":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,41,105,127,151],"various":[6],"domains,":[7],"from":[8],"personal":[9],"and":[10,19,26,93,97,129],"commercial":[11],"applications":[12],"to":[13,67],"military":[14],"operations.":[15],"Ensuring":[16],"the":[17,82,106,119,132,143,152],"security":[18],"trustworthiness":[20],"of":[21,108,149],"UAV":[22,153],"communications":[23],"is":[24],"crucial,":[25],"blockchain":[27,121],"technology":[28],"has":[29],"been":[30],"explored":[31],"as":[32,118],"a":[33,38,49,86,90,146],"solution.":[34],"However,":[35],"privacy":[36],"remains":[37],"challenge,":[39],"especially":[40,104],"public":[42,120],"blockchains.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"work,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"novel":[50,139],"approach":[51,64,141],"utilizing":[52],"zero-knowledge":[53],"proof":[54],"techniques,":[55],"specifically":[56],"zk-SNARKs,":[57],"which":[58],"non-interactive":[60],"cryptographic":[61],"proofs.":[62],"This":[63,138],"allows":[65],"prove":[68],"their":[69],"authenticity":[70],"or":[71],"location":[72],"without":[73],"disclosing":[74],"sensitive":[75],"information.":[76],"We":[77],"generated":[78],"zk-SNARK":[79],"proofs":[80],"using":[81,135],"Zokrates":[83],"tool":[84],"on":[85,131],"Raspberry":[87],"Pi,":[88],"simulating":[89],"drone":[91],"environment,":[92],"analyzed":[94],"power":[95],"consumption":[96],"CPU":[98],"utilization.":[99],"The":[100],"results":[101],"promising,":[103],"case":[107],"larger":[109],"drones":[110],"with":[111,123],"higher":[112],"battery":[113],"capacities.":[114],"Ethereum":[115],"was":[116],"chosen":[117],"platform,":[122],"smart":[124],"contracts":[125],"developed":[126],"Solidity":[128],"tested":[130],"Sepolia":[133],"testnet":[134],"Remix":[136],"IDE.":[137],"proposed":[140],"paves":[142],"way":[144],"for":[145],"new":[147],"path":[148],"research":[150],"area.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}