{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402316234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175800","title":"A Vision\u2013Language Model-Based Traffic Sign Detection Method for High-Resolution Drone Images: A Case Study in Guyuan, China","display_name":"A Vision\u2013Language Model-Based Traffic Sign Detection Method for High-Resolution Drone Images: A Case Study in Guyuan, China","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402316234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175800","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175800","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022802098","display_name":"Jianqun Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqun Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679102","display_name":"Jinming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-0824"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045645425","display_name":"Yuxuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8266-5190"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840889","display_name":"Mingzhu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0751-210X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020806029","display_name":"Chen Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-1674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020035897","display_name":"Shi Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3147-7341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3147-7341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004215370","display_name":"Zhe Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3718-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3718-0511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020806029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82568763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"17","first_page":"5800","last_page":"5800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7597532272338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.6696629524230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5804377794265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5697923302650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.5493209362030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.5139386057853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4322953224182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4120885729789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.36726054549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.3023454546928406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7597532272338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.6696629524230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5804377794265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5697923302650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.5493209362030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.5139386057853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4322953224182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4120885729789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.36726054549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3023454546928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39275711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11398131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11398131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bb33d640cf1442094c1e97236604766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bb33d640cf1442094c1e97236604766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 17, p 5800 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2588391947","https://openalex.org/W2808910047","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2964461714","https://openalex.org/W3004860639","https://openalex.org/W3019160720","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3114632476","https://openalex.org/W3119096589","https://openalex.org/W3132476814","https://openalex.org/W3135367836","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3159384598","https://openalex.org/W3184652007","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4207077357","https://openalex.org/W4220773165","https://openalex.org/W4285176535","https://openalex.org/W4293191395","https://openalex.org/W4295995936","https://openalex.org/W4309119000","https://openalex.org/W4365146691","https://openalex.org/W4378976670","https://openalex.org/W4382176313","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4390871580","https://openalex.org/W4392544261","https://openalex.org/W4399300204","https://openalex.org/W4399728346","https://openalex.org/W6721476862","https://openalex.org/W6779679448","https://openalex.org/W6799335283","https://openalex.org/W6945244495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2899819381","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4382176313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,52,102,138,211],"fundamental":[2],"element":[3],"of":[4,31,69,173,227],"the":[5,29,35,67,74,80,86,92,117,159,171,181,197,203,207,225],"transportation":[6],"system,":[7],"traffic":[8,15,32,75,107,175,228],"signs":[9],"are":[10,193,221],"widely":[11,234],"used":[12,114,235],"to":[13,50,105,115,130,146,163,180,195,223],"guide":[14],"behaviors.":[16],"In":[17,62],"recent":[18],"years,":[19],"drones":[20],"have":[21],"emerged":[22],"as":[23],"an":[24,248],"important":[25],"tool":[26],"for":[27,82],"monitoring":[28],"conditions":[30,226],"signs.":[33,108,229],"However,":[34],"existing":[36],"image":[37,44,84],"processing":[38],"technique":[39],"is":[40,47,89,113,144,177],"heavily":[41],"reliant":[42],"on":[43],"annotations.":[45,61],"It":[46],"time":[48],"consuming":[49],"build":[51],"high-quality":[53],"dataset":[54],"with":[55],"diverse":[56],"training":[57,254],"images":[58,133,151,185,216],"and":[59,95,119,167,186,190,252],"human":[60],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65,100,205],"introduce":[66],"utilization":[68],"Vision-language":[70],"Models":[71],"(VLMs)":[72],"in":[73,210],"sign":[76,176],"detection":[77],"task.":[78],"Without":[79],"need":[81],"discrete":[83],"labels,":[85],"rapid":[87],"deployment":[88],"fulfilled":[90],"by":[91],"multi-modal":[93],"learning":[94],"large-scale":[96],"pretrained":[97,160],"networks.":[98],"First,":[99],"compile":[101],"keyword":[103],"dictionary":[104],"explain":[106],"The":[109,214,238],"Chinese":[110],"national":[111],"standard":[112],"suggest":[116],"shape":[118],"color":[120],"information.":[121],"Our":[122,156],"program":[123],"conducts":[124],"Bootstrapping":[125],"Language-image":[126,140],"Pretraining":[127,141],"v2":[128],"(BLIPv2)":[129],"translate":[131],"representative":[132],"into":[134],"text":[135,154],"descriptions.":[136,155],"Second,":[137],"Contrastive":[139],"(CLIP)":[142],"framework":[143],"applied":[145],"characterize":[147],"not":[148],"only":[149],"drone":[150,184,215],"but":[152],"also":[153],"method":[157,209,246],"utilizes":[158],"encoder":[161],"network":[162],"create":[164],"visual":[165],"features":[166],"word":[168],"embeddings.":[169],"Third,":[170],"category":[172],"each":[174],"predicted":[178],"according":[179],"similarity":[182],"between":[183],"keywords.":[187],"Cosine":[188],"distance":[189],"softmax":[191],"function":[192],"performed":[194],"calculate":[196],"class":[198],"probability":[199],"distribution.":[200],"To":[201],"evaluate":[202],"performance,":[204],"apply":[206],"proposed":[208],"practical":[212],"application.":[213],"captured":[217],"from":[218],"Guyuan,":[219],"China,":[220],"employed":[222],"record":[224],"Further":[230],"experiments":[231],"include":[232],"two":[233],"public":[236],"datasets.":[237],"calculation":[239],"results":[240],"indicate":[241],"that":[242],"our":[243],"vision-language":[244],"model-based":[245],"has":[247],"acceptable":[249],"prediction":[250],"accuracy":[251],"low":[253],"cost.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}