{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402190184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175731","title":"Analysis of the Spatial Distribution and Common Mode Error Correlation in a Small-Scale GNSS Network","display_name":"Analysis of the Spatial Distribution and Common Mode Error Correlation in a Small-Scale GNSS Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402190184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175731","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5731/pdf?version=1725375525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5731/pdf?version=1725375525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087403626","display_name":"Aiguo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0411-936X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiguo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108046976","display_name":"Yifan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3452-6649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101544342","display_name":"Min Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108046976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3386,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54039735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"17","first_page":"5731","last_page":"5731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13885","display_name":"Geophysics and Sensor Technology","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8180525302886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6668606400489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5197312831878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5131052732467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.47474271059036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.4428059160709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4317430555820465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.4243810176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.42318400740623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36389607191085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18213242292404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12735456228256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10832038521766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08150765299797058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8180525302886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6668606400489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5197312831878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5131052732467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.47474271059036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4428059160709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4317430555820465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.4243810176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.42318400740623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36389607191085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18213242292404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12735456228256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10832038521766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08150765299797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5731/pdf?version=1725375525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39275642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11397790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11397790","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11397790/pdf/sensors-24-05731.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed2bce37f0b147c2a0774736297a1951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed2bce37f0b147c2a0774736297a1951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 17, p 5731 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/17/5731/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5731/pdf?version=1725375525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8912322018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41905027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402190184.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964466148","https://openalex.org/W2021459991","https://openalex.org/W2038589235","https://openalex.org/W2041580614","https://openalex.org/W2052374537","https://openalex.org/W2061605459","https://openalex.org/W2066577158","https://openalex.org/W2075493090","https://openalex.org/W2113560018","https://openalex.org/W2116659053","https://openalex.org/W2146799928","https://openalex.org/W2148381347","https://openalex.org/W2223189197","https://openalex.org/W2553175785","https://openalex.org/W2553717679","https://openalex.org/W2737508066","https://openalex.org/W3001531737","https://openalex.org/W3002442190","https://openalex.org/W3090089926","https://openalex.org/W3179550399","https://openalex.org/W4328107244","https://openalex.org/W4399635036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2121429698","https://openalex.org/W2182042810","https://openalex.org/W4252230435","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W55679925","https://openalex.org/W3080404860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"analyzing":[1],"GPS":[2],"time":[3,46,151],"series,":[4],"common":[5],"mode":[6],"errors":[7],"(CME)":[8],"often":[9],"obscure":[10],"the":[11,20,28,40,61,64,72,85,89,96,117,120,126,133,143,149,162,171,175,181,193,202,205],"actual":[12],"crustal":[13],"movement":[14],"signals,":[15,69],"leading":[16],"to":[17,38,51,59,75,170],"deviations":[18],"in":[19,161,192,208],"velocity":[21],"estimates":[22],"of":[23,30,44,63,88,116,119,148,156,179,187,204],"station":[24,33],"coordinates.":[25],"Therefore,":[26],"mitigating":[27],"impact":[29],"CME":[31,53,76,218],"on":[32],"positioning":[34],"accuracy":[35],"is":[36],"crucial":[37],"ensuring":[39],"precision":[41],"and":[42,79,159,165,190,196,211],"reliability":[43],"GNSS":[45,121],"series.":[47],"The":[48,129],"current":[49],"approach":[50,216],"separating":[52,209],"mainly":[54],"uses":[55],"signal":[56],"filtering":[57],"methods":[58],"decompose":[60],"residuals":[62],"observation":[65],"network":[66],"into":[67],"multiple":[68],"from":[70],"which":[71],"signals":[73],"corresponding":[74],"are":[77],"identified":[78],"separated.":[80],"However,":[81],"this":[82,92],"method":[83,101,140,184,207],"overlooks":[84],"spatial":[86,123,176],"correlation":[87,104,178],"stations.":[90],"In":[91],"paper,":[93],"we":[94],"improved":[95,134,182],"Independent":[97,136],"Component":[98,137],"Analysis":[99,138],"(ICA)":[100],"by":[102,153],"introducing":[103],"coefficients":[105],"as":[106],"weighting":[107],"factors,":[108],"allowing":[109],"for":[110,217],"more":[111],"accurate":[112],"emphasis":[113],"or":[114],"attenuation":[115],"contributions":[118],"network's":[122],"distribution":[124,177],"during":[125],"ICA":[127,172],"process.":[128],"results":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"Weighted":[135],"(WICA)":[139],"can":[141],"reduce":[142],"root":[144],"mean":[145],"square":[146],"(RMS)":[147],"coordinate":[150],"series":[152],"an":[154],"average":[155],"27.96%,":[157],"15.23%,":[158],"28.33%":[160],"E,":[163,194],"N,":[164,195],"U":[166,197],"components,":[167],"respectively.":[168,199],"Compared":[169],"method,":[173],"considering":[174],"stations,":[180],"WICA":[183,206],"shows":[185],"enhancements":[186],"12.53%,":[188],"3.70%,":[189],"8.97%":[191],"directions,":[198],"This":[200],"demonstrates":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"CMEs":[210],"provides":[212],"a":[213],"new":[214],"algorithmic":[215],"separation":[219],"methods.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
