{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402046795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175658","title":"A Cascaded Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation for Cellular-V2X Vehicular Platooning Networks","display_name":"A Cascaded Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation for Cellular-V2X Vehicular Platooning Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402046795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175658","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175658","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5658/pdf?version=1725026870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5658/pdf?version=1725026870","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088700558","display_name":"Iswarya Narayanasamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-2844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109528","display_name":"PSG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED RESEARCH","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa9ng67","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iswarya Narayanasamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022074835","display_name":"R. Venkateswari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109528","display_name":"PSG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED RESEARCH","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa9ng67","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkateswari Rajamanickam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088700558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.9089,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91590758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"17","first_page":"5658","last_page":"5658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platoon","display_name":"Platoon","score":0.8928002715110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dedicated-short-range-communications","display_name":"Dedicated short-range communications","score":0.8355746269226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.663521409034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.6481420993804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6135309934616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5525826215744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.49493974447250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48332762718200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acknowledgement","display_name":"Acknowledgement","score":0.4464254379272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4361029863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40339195728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.32798755168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.30982744693756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22406092286109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.1500488817691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1314522624015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12402886152267456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061967","display_name":"Platoon","level":3,"score":0.8928002715110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53140260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182198","display_name":"Dedicated short-range communications","level":3,"score":0.8355746269226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.663521409034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.6481420993804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6135309934616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5525826215744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.49493974447250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48332762718200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777880217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674282","display_name":"Acknowledgement","level":2,"score":0.4464254379272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4361029863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40339195728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.32798755168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30982744693756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22406092286109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1500488817691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1314522624015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12402886152267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175658","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5658/pdf?version=1725026870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39275567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11487408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11487408","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487408/pdf/sensors-24-05658.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be7abe0417264732bb116fbfafdaadc3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be7abe0417264732bb116fbfafdaadc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 17, p 5658 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/17/5658/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175658","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5658/pdf?version=1725026870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402046795.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048294994","https://openalex.org/W2089910489","https://openalex.org/W2108196201","https://openalex.org/W2117537207","https://openalex.org/W2143905533","https://openalex.org/W2605642960","https://openalex.org/W2789886235","https://openalex.org/W2897141719","https://openalex.org/W2921436962","https://openalex.org/W2962837449","https://openalex.org/W2962856838","https://openalex.org/W2972670127","https://openalex.org/W2979844514","https://openalex.org/W2991528767","https://openalex.org/W2998881388","https://openalex.org/W3010925676","https://openalex.org/W3044319949","https://openalex.org/W3083727571","https://openalex.org/W3091823410","https://openalex.org/W3092837658","https://openalex.org/W3102034727","https://openalex.org/W3156711202","https://openalex.org/W3161618639","https://openalex.org/W3174997142","https://openalex.org/W3187306019","https://openalex.org/W3191398928","https://openalex.org/W3195457333","https://openalex.org/W3201976554","https://openalex.org/W3203017927","https://openalex.org/W3210386267","https://openalex.org/W3212172638","https://openalex.org/W4210982773","https://openalex.org/W4220674695","https://openalex.org/W4221046147","https://openalex.org/W4226200846","https://openalex.org/W4285808113","https://openalex.org/W4293057500","https://openalex.org/W4309224029","https://openalex.org/W4393950855","https://openalex.org/W6680241297","https://openalex.org/W6681286689","https://openalex.org/W6800393971","https://openalex.org/W7070570479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2735802331","https://openalex.org/W2860804289","https://openalex.org/W4281627388","https://openalex.org/W2047697411","https://openalex.org/W2159324490","https://openalex.org/W2156774162","https://openalex.org/W2626708658","https://openalex.org/W2542624461","https://openalex.org/W2142432248","https://openalex.org/W2944216713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,42,54,199,246],"platooning":[1,33,71,89],"of":[2,18,56,99,109,118,197,223,284],"cars":[3],"and":[4,97,142,150,163,238,294],"trucks":[5],"is":[6,137,180,209,250],"a":[7,161,174,205],"pertinent":[8],"approach":[9],"for":[10,130],"autonomous":[11],"driving":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,30,64,78,139,167,182],"the":[15,47,75,79,106,122,152,194,221,224,229,253,278,282,285],"effective":[16],"utilization":[17],"roadways.":[19],"decreased":[21],"gas":[22],"consumption":[23],"levels":[24],"are":[25,102,126],"an":[26],"added":[27],"merit":[28],"owing":[29],"sustainability.":[31],"Conventional":[32],"depended":[34],"on":[35],"Dedicated":[36],"Short-Range":[37],"Communication":[38],"(DSRC)-based":[39],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[40],"communications.":[41],"computations":[43],"were":[44],"executed":[45],"by":[46,73,227,274,290],"platoon":[48,292],"members":[49],"with":[50,235,243],"their":[51],"constrained":[52],"capabilities.":[53],"advent":[55],"5G":[57],"has":[58,262],"favored":[59],"Intelligent":[60],"Transportation":[61],"Systems":[62],"(ITS)":[63],"adopt":[65],"Multi-access":[66],"Edge":[67],"Computing":[68],"(MEC)":[69],"in":[70,87,212,266,277],"paradigms":[72],"offloading":[74],"computational":[76],"tasks":[77],"edge":[80],"server.":[81],"In":[82,104,171],"this":[83,172,213],"research,":[84],"vital":[85],"parameters":[86],"vehicular":[88,134],"systems,":[90],"viz.":[91],"latency-sensitive":[92,131],"radio":[93],"resource":[94,268],"management":[95],"schemes,":[96],"Age":[98],"Information":[100],"(AoI)":[101],"investigated.":[103],"addition,":[105],"delivery":[107],"rates":[108],"Cooperative":[110],"Awareness":[111],"Messages":[112],"(CAM)":[113],"that":[114],"ensure":[115],"expeditious":[116],"reception":[117],"safety-critical":[119],"messages":[120],"at":[121,189],"roadside":[123],"units":[124],"(RSU)":[125],"also":[127,219],"examined.":[128],"However,":[129],"applications":[132],"like":[133],"networks,":[135],"it":[136],"essential":[138],"address":[140],"multiple":[141],"correlated":[143],"objectives.":[144],"To":[145],"solve":[146],"such":[147],"objectives":[148],"effectively":[149],"simultaneously,":[151],"Multi-Agent":[153],"Deep":[154],"Deterministic":[155],"Policy":[156],"Gradient":[157],"(MADDPG)":[158],"framework":[159],"necessitates":[160],"better":[162,258],"more":[164],"sophisticated":[165],"model":[166],"enhance":[168],"its":[169,264],"ability.":[170],"paper,":[173],"novel":[175],"Cascaded":[176],"MADDPG":[177],"framework,":[178],"CMADDPG,":[179],"proposed":[181,225,286],"train":[183],"cascaded":[184,214],"target":[185],"critics,":[186],"which":[187,203,232],"aims":[188],"achieving":[190],"expected":[191],"rewards":[192],"through":[193],"collaborative":[195],"conduct":[196],"agents.":[198],"estimation":[200],"bias":[201],"phenomenon,":[202],"hinders":[204],"system's":[206],"overall":[207],"performance,":[208],"vividly":[210],"circumvented":[211],"algorithm.":[215],"Eventually,":[216],"experimental":[217],"analysis":[218],"demonstrates":[220],"potential":[222],"algorithm":[226,287],"evaluating":[228],"convergence":[230],"factor,":[231],"stabilizes":[233],"quickly":[234],"minimum":[236],"distortions,":[237],"reliable":[239],"CAM":[240],"message":[241],"dissemination":[242],"99%":[244],"probability.":[245],"average":[247],"AoI":[248],"quantity":[249],"maintained":[251],"within":[252],"5-10":[254],"ms":[255],"range,":[256],"guaranteeing":[257],"QoS.":[259],"This":[260],"technique":[261],"proven":[263],"robustness":[265],"decentralized":[267],"allocation":[269],"against":[270],"channel":[271,296],"uncertainties":[272],"caused":[273],"higher":[275],"mobility":[276],"environment.":[279],"Most":[280],"importantly,":[281],"performance":[283],"remains":[288],"unaffected":[289],"increasing":[291],"size":[293],"leading":[295],"uncertainties.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}