{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401962944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175556","title":"Research on an Autonomous Localization Method for Trains Based on Pulse Observation in a Tunnel Environment","display_name":"Research on an Autonomous Localization Method for Trains Based on Pulse Observation in a Tunnel Environment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401962944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175556","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5556/pdf?version=1724830895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5556/pdf?version=1724830895","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032304617","display_name":"Jianqiang Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076726899","display_name":"Youpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-2775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036221440","display_name":"Guangwu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-9453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangwu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023881032","display_name":"Yongbo Si","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076726899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1725,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43506048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"17","first_page":"5556","last_page":"5556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.7804267406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.53969806432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5283294916152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5121719837188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4763888716697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45761364698410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45230770111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.41506046056747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37762540578842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32738810777664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2389887273311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18972435593605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10536691546440125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.7804267406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.53969806432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5283294916152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5121719837188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4763888716697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45761364698410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45230770111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.41506046056747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37762540578842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32738810777664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2389887273311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18972435593605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10536691546440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5556/pdf?version=1724830895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39275466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11487441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11487441","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487441/pdf/sensors-24-05556.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2bf9551c80354bae8a1414669faa1909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bf9551c80354bae8a1414669faa1909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 17, p 5556 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/17/5556/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5556/pdf?version=1724830895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401962944.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401962944.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2889085542","https://openalex.org/W2926107720","https://openalex.org/W2955953129","https://openalex.org/W2982671175","https://openalex.org/W2990396425","https://openalex.org/W3006707746","https://openalex.org/W3011121473","https://openalex.org/W3015528787","https://openalex.org/W3016493412","https://openalex.org/W3017385934","https://openalex.org/W3024749256","https://openalex.org/W3044239796","https://openalex.org/W3135782795","https://openalex.org/W3155465544","https://openalex.org/W3177028170","https://openalex.org/W3186176335","https://openalex.org/W3194746883","https://openalex.org/W3194993662","https://openalex.org/W4200207236","https://openalex.org/W4220744726","https://openalex.org/W4221059599","https://openalex.org/W4226334013","https://openalex.org/W4297537663","https://openalex.org/W4313377920","https://openalex.org/W4315752245","https://openalex.org/W4385383503","https://openalex.org/W4398231730","https://openalex.org/W6810620602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W618248309","https://openalex.org/W2377336366","https://openalex.org/W1568097102","https://openalex.org/W1601203902","https://openalex.org/W2075798043","https://openalex.org/W4390419160","https://openalex.org/W4225671779","https://openalex.org/W2102464536","https://openalex.org/W2361332776","https://openalex.org/W2248934910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"China's":[0],"rail":[1],"transit":[2],"system":[3,175],"is":[4,60,70,92,116,122,140,152],"developing":[5],"rapidly,":[6],"but":[7],"achieving":[8],"seamless":[9],"high-precision":[10,181],"localization":[11,31,44,114,174],"of":[12,106],"trains":[13,47],"throughout":[14],"the":[15,38,57,67,76,82,104,137,156,163,170,173],"entire":[16],"route":[17],"in":[18,52,129,155,185],"closed":[19],"environments":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22],"tunnels":[23],"and":[24,37,75,87,98,118,145],"culverts":[25],"still":[26],"faces":[27],"significant":[28],"challenges.":[29],"Traditional":[30],"technologies":[32],"cannot":[33],"meet":[34],"current":[35],"demands,":[36],"present":[39],"paper":[40],"proposes":[41],"an":[42,119,130],"autonomous":[43],"method":[45,69],"for":[46,72],"based":[48,124],"on":[49,125],"pulse":[50],"observation":[51,120,165],"a":[53,186],"tunnel":[54,187],"environment.":[55,188],"First,":[56],"Letts":[58],"criterion":[59],"used":[61,141],"to":[62,142,159,162,178],"eliminate":[63],"abnormal":[64],"gyro":[65],"data,":[66],"CEEMDAN":[68],"employed":[71],"signal":[73,109],"decomposition,":[74],"decomposed":[77],"signals":[78],"are":[79],"classified":[80],"using":[81,94],"continuous":[83,180],"mean":[84],"square":[85],"error":[86],"norm":[88],"method.":[89],"Noise":[90],"reduction":[91],"performed":[93],"forward":[95],"linear":[96],"filtering":[97],"dynamic":[99],"threshold":[100],"filtering,":[101],"respectively,":[102],"maximizing":[103],"retention":[105],"its":[107],"effective":[108],"components.":[110],"A":[111],"SINS/OD":[112],"integrated":[113],"model":[115,151],"established,":[117],"equation":[121],"constructed":[123],"velocity":[126],"matching,":[127],"resulting":[128],"18-dimensional":[131],"complex":[132],"state":[133],"space":[134],"model.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"EM":[138],"algorithm":[139],"address":[143],"Non-Line-Of-Sight":[144],"multipath":[146],"effect":[147],"errors.":[148],"The":[149],"optimized":[150],"then":[153],"applied":[154],"Kalman":[157],"filter":[158],"better":[160],"adapt":[161],"system's":[164],"conditions.":[166],"By":[167],"dynamically":[168],"adjusting":[169],"noise":[171],"covariance,":[172],"can":[176],"continue":[177],"maintain":[179],"position":[182],"information":[183],"output":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}